1 The preamble declares ‘Whereas sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah alone, and the authority to be exercised by the people of Pakistan within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust’. Article 20 of the 1973 Constitution protects religious freedom so long as public order and morality are respected.

2 See http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=954, accessed 20 June 2007.

3 The Church of England in Wales, as a result of the Welsh Churches Act 1914, was disestablished in 1920, although a number of the vestiges of establishment continue. See Watkin, T, ‘The vestiges of establishment: the ecclesiastical and canon law of the Church of Wales’, (1990) 2 Ecc LJ 110Google Scholar. There is no established church in Northern Ireland.

4 Dr Rowan Williams, Christmas Sermon, 25 December 2003 available http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/sermons_speeches/2003/031225.html, accessed 20 June 2007.

5 Ferrari, S, ‘Individual religious freedom and national security in Europe after September 11’, (2004) Brigham Young Law Review, 376Google Scholar.

6 Adhar, R and Leigh, I, Religious Freedom in the Liberal State (Oxford, 2005), p 2Google Scholar.

7 See Pearl, D and Menski, W., Muslim Family Law, (third edition, London, 1998).Google Scholar