Crossref Citations
This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref.
Pelkey, James L.
Russell, Andrew L.
and
Robbins, Loring G.
2022.
Circuits, Packets, and Protocols.
Article contents
The Entrepreneurial Culture and Bureaucracy in Twentieth-Century America
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2020
Abstract
America’s entrepreneurial culture is important because it promotes the search for new opportunities for innovation. Here, the author traces that culture through two industrial revolutions and focuses on the growing tension between entrepreneurship and bureaucracy inside and outside of the nation’s twentieth-century firms. Business histories are explored using categories adapted from behavioral economics. Particular attention is devoted to some of the important exceptions that throw light upon the stereotypes of the static government agency and the slow-moving industrial firm. Still, the author concludes, following World War II the economy had to be pulled out of its bureaucratic doldrums by new science- and social science-based industries that invigorated the nation’s entrepreneurial culture and promoted a wave of significant biological and digital innovations. The article concludes with a glance at the future of the bureaucratic and entrepreneurial cultures.
- Type
- Article
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved.
References
Bibliography of Works Cited
Abbott, Andrew. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.10.7208/chicago/9780226189666.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrahamson, Eric John. Beyond Charity: A Century of Philanthropic Innovation. New York: Rockefeller Foundation, 2013.Google Scholar
Albrow, Martin. Bureaucracy. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.10.1007/978-1-349-00916-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balogh, Brian. The Associational State: American Governance in the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.10.9783/9780812291377CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1962.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, Edward, and McQuaid, Kim. Creating the Welfare State: The Political Economy of Twentieth-Century Reform. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988.Google Scholar
Burgin, Angus. The Great Persuasion: Reinventing Free Markets since the Depression. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.10.4159/harvard.9780674067431CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, Daniel P. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputation, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Casson, Mark. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Networks, History. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010.10.4337/9781849805155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. Jr. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. Jr. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Childs, William R. The Texas Railroad Commission: Understanding Regulation in America in the Mid-Twentieth Century. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Clarke, Sally H. Trust and Power: Consumers, the Modern Corporation, and the Making of the United States Automobile Market. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Cortada, , James, W. IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2019.10.7551/mitpress/11744.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crozier, Michel. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Cuff, Robert. The War Industries Board: Business-Government Relations during World War I. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Deaton, Angus. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton, and Friedman, Rose. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. New York: Harcourt, 1980.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. The Creative Society—and the Price Americans Paid for It. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. The Public Image of Big Business: A Quantitative Study in Social Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Gambardella, Alfonzo. Science and Innovation: The US Pharmaceutical Industry during the 1980s. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.10.1017/CBO9780511522031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnet, Robert W. The Telephone Enterprise: The Evolution of the Bell System’s Horizontal Structure. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Brent, and Kirsch, David A.. Bubbles and Crashes: The Boom and Bust of Technological Innovation. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019.10.1515/9781503607934CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.10.1515/9781400873302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Margaret B. W., and Pruitt, Bettye H.. R&D for Industry: A Century of Technical Innovation at Alcoa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Graham, Otis L. Losing Time: The Industrial Policy Debate. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter A., and Soskice, David. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.10.1093/0199247757.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, Bray. Banks and Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Hidy, Ralph W., and Hidy, Muriel E.. Pioneering in Big Business, 1882–1911: History of the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey). New York: Harper and Brothers, 1955.Google Scholar
Hounshell, David A. From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Hounshell, David A., and Smith, John Kenly Jr. Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902–1980. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Iacocca, Lee, with Novak, William. Iacocca: An Autobiography. New York: Bantam Books, 1984.Google Scholar
Isaacson, Walter. The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Henry. The Bureaucratization of the World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Sanford M. Modern Manors: Welfare Capitalism since the New Deal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, Richard. Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas. Relevance Regained: From Top-Down Control to Bottom-Up Empowerment. New York: Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas, and Kaplan, Robert S.. Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Kerr, K. Austin. American Railroad Politics, 1914–1920: Rates, Wages, and Efficiency. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, Ralph, Achilladelis, Basil, and Scriabine, Alexander. Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Lécuyer, Christophe. Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Lewis, Michael. The New New Thing: A Silicon Valley Story. New York: Penguin Books, 2001.Google Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. The Bell System and Regional Business: The Telephone in the South, 1877–1920. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
McKenna, Christopher D. The World’s Newest Profession: Management Consulting in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, Henry A. Explorations in Personality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. New edition of the 1938 publication.Google Scholar
Nelson, Ralph L. Merger Movements in American Industry, 1895–1956. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Tom. VC: An American History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olegario, Rowena. The Engine of Enterprise Credit in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orsenigo, Luigi. The Emergence of Biotechnology: Institutions and Markets in Industrial Innovation. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, Mary A. Contests for Corporate Control: Corporate Governance and Economic Performance in the United States and Germany. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Peters, Thomas J., and Waterman, Robert H. Jr. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Warner Books, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postell, Joseph. Bureaucracy in America: The Administrative State’s Challenge to Constitutional Government. Columbia: University of Missouri, 2017.Google Scholar
Reich, Leonard S. The Making of American Industrial Research: Science and Business at GE and Bell, 1876–1926. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Rourke, Francis E. Bureaucracies, Politics, and Public Policy. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1976.Google Scholar
Rubenstein, James M. Making and Selling Cars: Innovation and Change in the U.S. Automotive Industry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Saxenian, AnnaLee. Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Schuck, Peter H. Why Government Fails So Often: And How It Can Do Better. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Sewell, William H. Jr. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shane, Scott. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shurkin, Joel N. Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age. London: Macmillan, 2005.Google Scholar
Skowronek, Stephen. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, Brad. The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jason E. Deconstructing the Monolith: The Microeconomics of the National Industrial Recovery Act. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temin, Peter, with Louis, Galambos. The Fall of the Bell System: A Study in Prices and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorelli, Hans B. The Federal Antitrust Policy: Origination of an American Tradition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Vagelos, P. Roy. Values & Visions: A Merck Century. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc., 1991.Google Scholar
Vagelos, P. Roy, and Galambos, Louis. Medicine, Science, and Merck. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vietor, Richard H. K. Contrived Competition: Regulation and Deregulation in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Translated by Henderson, A. M. and Parsons, Talcott. New York: Free Press, 1947.Google Scholar
Wright, Robert E. Corporation Nation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yost, Jeffrey R. Making It Work: A History of the Computer Services Industry. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, R. Michael, and Brehm, John. “Information and American Attitudes toward Bureaucracy.” Social Science Working Paper 961, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, April 1996.Google Scholar
Atack, Jeremy, and Bateman, Fred. “Manufacturing.” In Historical Statistics of the United States, edited by Carter, Susan B., Gertner, Scott Sigmund, Haines, Michael R., Olmstead, Alan L., Sutch, Richard, and Wright, Gavin, 4:573–704. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Robert D., and Andes, Scott. The 2010 State New Economy Index: Benchmarking Economic Transformation in the States. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and ITIF, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, Louie M. “The Office of Strategic Services Psychological Selection Program.” MMAS Thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1995.Google Scholar
Baumol, William J., and Strom, Robert J.. “‘Useful Knowledge’ of Entrepreneurship: Some Implications of the History.” In The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times, edited by Landes, David S., Mokyr, Joel, and Baumol, William J., 527–541. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, Hungsub. “Manufacturing Knowledge in Transit: Technical Practices, Organizational Change, and the Rise of the Semiconductor Industry in the U.S. and Japan.” Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 2007.Google Scholar
Collins, Rory, Reith, Christina, Emberson, Jonathan, et al. “Interpretation of the Evidence for the Efficacy and Safety of Statin Therapy.” Lancet 388 (November 19, 2016): 2532–2561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuff, Robert. “American Mobilization for War, 1917–45: Political Culture vs. Bureaucratic Administration.” In Mobilization for Total War: The Canadian, American and British Experience 1914–1918, 1939–1945, edited by Dreisziger, N. F., 73–86. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Durant, Robert F. “A Heritage Made Our Own.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy, edited by Durant, Robert F., 3–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Endo, Akira. “A Historical Perspective on the Discovery of Statins.” Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 86, no. 5 (2010): 484–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairlie, Robert, Sameeksha, Desai, and Herrmann, A. J.. National Report on Early Stage Entrepreneurship. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2019.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. “The Entrepreneurial Culture and the Mysteries of Economic Development.” Essays in Economic & Business History 36 (2018): 290–291.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. “The Entrepreneurial Culture: Mythologies, Realities, and Networks in Nineteenth-Century America.” Academy of Management Perspectives, Feb 7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2019.0132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galambos, Louis, and Amatori, Franco. “The Entrepreneurial Multiplier Effect.” Enterprise & Society 17, no. 4 (2016): 763–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, Leslie. “Marshall’s ‘Trees’ and the Global ‘Forest’: Were ‘Giant Redwoods’ Different?” In Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Countries, edited by Lamoreaux, Naomi R., Raff, Daniel M. G., and Temin, Peter, 253–293. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Ian. Tech Starts: High-Technology Business Formation and Job Creation in the United States. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2013.Google Scholar
Hawley, Ellis. “Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an ‘Associative State.’” Journal of American History 61, no. 1 (1974): 116–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, Robert. “How to Build Hogan Assessment Systems.” Unpublished draft, 2019.Google Scholar
Hogan, Robert, and Shelton, Dana. “A Socioanalytic Perspective on Job Performance.” Human Performance 11, no. 2/3 (1998): 129–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, Robert, Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas, and Galambos, Louis. “Historical and Theoretical Explorations in the Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship.” Unpublished paper presented at the World Economic History Conference in Kyoto, Japan, 2015.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas. “Managing by Remote Control: Recent Management Accounting Practice in Historical Perspective.” In Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information, edited by Temin, Peter, 41–66. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Kipping, Matthias, and Clark, Timothy. “Researching Management Consulting: An Introduction to the Handbook.” In The Oxford Handbook of Management Consulting, edited by Kipping, Matthias and Clark, Timothy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235049.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199235049-e-1.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R., Raff, Daniel M. G., and Temin, Peter. “Beyond Markets and Hierarchies: Toward a New Synthesis of American Business History.” American Historical Review 108, no. 2 (2003): 404–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, Richard N., and Steinmueller, W. Edward. “The Evolution of Competitive Advantage in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1947–1996.” In Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries, edited by Mowery, David C. and Nelson, Richard R., 19–78. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindert, Peter H. “U.S. Foreign Trade and Trade Policy in the Twentieth Century.” In The Twentieth Century, Vol. 3 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, edited by Engerman, Stanley L. and Gallman, Robert E., 407–462. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “Rethinking the Innovation Factory: Bell Laboratories in Perspective.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 132–159. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Donald W. How Assessment Centers Were Started in the United States. Bridgeville, PA: Development Dimensions International, n.d.Google Scholar
Mandel, Michael. How the Startup Economy is Spreading Across the Country—and How It Can Be Accelerated. Washington: Progressive Policy Institute and TechNet, 2017.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality.” In Social Structure, 195–206. Toronto: Collier-Macmilla 1964.Google Scholar
Miranti, Paul J. Jr. “Probability Theory and the Challenge of Sustaining Innovation: Traffic Management at the Bell System.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 114–131. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Mitch, David. “A Year of Transition: Faculty Recruiting at Chicago in 1946.” Journal of Political Economy 124, no. 61 (2016): 1714–1734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moynihan, Donald P. “The Promises and Paradoxes of Performance-Based Bureaucracy.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy, edited by Durant, Robert F., 278–302. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Odagiri, Hiroyuki, and Goto, Akira. “The Japanese System of Innovation: Past, Present, and Future.” In National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, edited by Nelson, Richard R., 76–114. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
“Public Trust in Government: 1958–2019.” Pew Research Center. April 11, 2019. https://www.people-press.org/2019/04/11/public-trust-in-government-1958-2019.Google Scholar
Raff, Daniel M. G. “The Book-of-the-Month Club: A Reconsideration.” Unpublished manuscript, 2017.Google Scholar
Raff, Daniel M. G.. “What Became of Borders? Some Evolutionary Economic History of the Book Trade in America.” Unpublished manuscript, 2014.Google Scholar
Reihlen, Markus, Smets, Michael, and Veit, Andreas. “Management Consultancies as Institutional Agents: Strategies for Creating and Sustaining Institutional Capital.” Schmalenbach Business Review 62 (2010): 317–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rourke, Francis E. “Secrecy in American Bureaucracy.” Political Science Quarterly 72, no. 4 (1957): 540–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søensen, Jesper B. “Bureaucracy and Entrepreneurship: Workplace Effects on Entrepreneurial Entry.” Administrative Science Quarterly 52 (2007): 387–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturchio, Jeffrey L., and Galambos, Louis. “Pharmaceutical Firms and the Transition to Biotechnology: A Study in Strategic Innovation.” Business History Review 72 (1998): 250–278.Google Scholar
Sull, Donald N., Tedlow, Richard S., and Rosenbloom, Richard S.. “Managerial Commitments and Technological Change in the US Tire Industry.” Industrial and Corporate Change 6, no. 2 (1997): 461–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sylla, Richard. “Experimental Federalism: The Economics of American Government, 1789–1914.” In The Long Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, edited by Engerman, Stanley L. and Gallman, Robert E., 483–541. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Taylor, James B. “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality: The Merton Model Revisited.” In Bureaucracy as a Social Problem, edited by Littrell, W. Boyd, Sjoberg, Gideon, and Zurcher, Louis A., 151–171. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1983.Google Scholar
“2018 Top Assessment and Evaluation Companies.” Training Industry. January 24, 2019. https://trainingindustry.com/top-training-companies/measurement-and-analytics/2018-top-assessment-and-evaluation-companies/.Google Scholar
Usselman, Steven W. “Unbundling IBM: Antitrust and the Incentives to Innovation in American Computing.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 249–279. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Venkataraman, Sankaran. “The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurial Research.” In Advances in Entrepreneurship. Firm Emergence, and Growth, edited by Katz, J. and Brockhaus, R., 119–138. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J. “Federal, State, and Local Government Finances—Census of Governments.” In Historical Statistics of the United States, edited by Carter, Susan B., Gertner, Scott Sigmund, Haines, Michael R., Olmstead, Alan L., Sutch, Richard, and Wright, Gavin, 5:10–12. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Williams, Norma M., Sjoberg, Gideon, and Sjoberg, Andrte F., “The Bureaucratic Personality: An Alternate View. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, July 1, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638001600308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas.Google Scholar
Hogan, Robert T.Google Scholar
Knoppers, Antonie T.Google Scholar
Abbott, Andrew. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.10.7208/chicago/9780226189666.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrahamson, Eric John. Beyond Charity: A Century of Philanthropic Innovation. New York: Rockefeller Foundation, 2013.Google Scholar
Albrow, Martin. Bureaucracy. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.10.1007/978-1-349-00916-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balogh, Brian. The Associational State: American Governance in the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.10.9783/9780812291377CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Garden City: Anchor Books, 1962.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, Edward, and McQuaid, Kim. Creating the Welfare State: The Political Economy of Twentieth-Century Reform. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988.Google Scholar
Burgin, Angus. The Great Persuasion: Reinventing Free Markets since the Depression. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.10.4159/harvard.9780674067431CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, Daniel P. The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputation, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Casson, Mark. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Networks, History. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010.10.4337/9781849805155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. Jr. Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Chandler, Alfred D. Jr. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Childs, William R. The Texas Railroad Commission: Understanding Regulation in America in the Mid-Twentieth Century. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Clarke, Sally H. Trust and Power: Consumers, the Modern Corporation, and the Making of the United States Automobile Market. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Cortada, , James, W. IBM: The Rise and Fall and Reinvention of a Global Icon. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2019.10.7551/mitpress/11744.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crozier, Michel. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Cuff, Robert. The War Industries Board: Business-Government Relations during World War I. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Deaton, Angus. The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Friedman, Milton, and Friedman, Rose. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. New York: Harcourt, 1980.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. The Creative Society—and the Price Americans Paid for It. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. The Public Image of Big Business: A Quantitative Study in Social Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Gambardella, Alfonzo. Science and Innovation: The US Pharmaceutical Industry during the 1980s. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.10.1017/CBO9780511522031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnet, Robert W. The Telephone Enterprise: The Evolution of the Bell System’s Horizontal Structure. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, Brent, and Kirsch, David A.. Bubbles and Crashes: The Boom and Bust of Technological Innovation. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2019.10.1515/9781503607934CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, Robert J. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.10.1515/9781400873302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, Margaret B. W., and Pruitt, Bettye H.. R&D for Industry: A Century of Technical Innovation at Alcoa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Graham, Otis L. Losing Time: The Industrial Policy Debate. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Hall, Peter A., and Soskice, David. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.10.1093/0199247757.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, Bray. Banks and Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957.Google Scholar
Hidy, Ralph W., and Hidy, Muriel E.. Pioneering in Big Business, 1882–1911: History of the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey). New York: Harper and Brothers, 1955.Google Scholar
Hounshell, David A. From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Hounshell, David A., and Smith, John Kenly Jr. Science and Corporate Strategy: Du Pont R&D, 1902–1980. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Iacocca, Lee, with Novak, William. Iacocca: An Autobiography. New York: Bantam Books, 1984.Google Scholar
Isaacson, Walter. The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Henry. The Bureaucratization of the World. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Jacoby, Sanford M. Modern Manors: Welfare Capitalism since the New Deal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, Richard. Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas. Relevance Regained: From Top-Down Control to Bottom-Up Empowerment. New York: Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas, and Kaplan, Robert S.. Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Kerr, K. Austin. American Railroad Politics, 1914–1920: Rates, Wages, and Efficiency. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R. The Great Merger Movement in American Business, 1895–1904. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, Ralph, Achilladelis, Basil, and Scriabine, Alexander. Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Lécuyer, Christophe. Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Lewis, Michael. The New New Thing: A Silicon Valley Story. New York: Penguin Books, 2001.Google Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. The Bell System and Regional Business: The Telephone in the South, 1877–1920. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
McKenna, Christopher D. The World’s Newest Profession: Management Consulting in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, Henry A. Explorations in Personality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. New edition of the 1938 publication.Google Scholar
Nelson, Ralph L. Merger Movements in American Industry, 1895–1956. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Nicholas, Tom. VC: An American History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olegario, Rowena. The Engine of Enterprise Credit in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orsenigo, Luigi. The Emergence of Biotechnology: Institutions and Markets in Industrial Innovation. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1989.Google Scholar
O’Sullivan, Mary A. Contests for Corporate Control: Corporate Governance and Economic Performance in the United States and Germany. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Peters, Thomas J., and Waterman, Robert H. Jr. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. New York: Warner Books, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Postell, Joseph. Bureaucracy in America: The Administrative State’s Challenge to Constitutional Government. Columbia: University of Missouri, 2017.Google Scholar
Reich, Leonard S. The Making of American Industrial Research: Science and Business at GE and Bell, 1876–1926. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Rourke, Francis E. Bureaucracies, Politics, and Public Policy. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1976.Google Scholar
Rubenstein, James M. Making and Selling Cars: Innovation and Change in the U.S. Automotive Industry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Saxenian, AnnaLee. Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Schuck, Peter H. Why Government Fails So Often: And How It Can Do Better. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Sewell, William H. Jr. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shane, Scott. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: The Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shurkin, Joel N. Broken Genius: The Rise and Fall of William Shockley, Creator of the Electronic Age. London: Macmillan, 2005.Google Scholar
Skowronek, Stephen. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, Brad. The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jason E. Deconstructing the Monolith: The Microeconomics of the National Industrial Recovery Act. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temin, Peter, with Louis, Galambos. The Fall of the Bell System: A Study in Prices and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorelli, Hans B. The Federal Antitrust Policy: Origination of an American Tradition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Vagelos, P. Roy. Values & Visions: A Merck Century. Rahway, NJ: Merck & Co., Inc., 1991.Google Scholar
Vagelos, P. Roy, and Galambos, Louis. Medicine, Science, and Merck. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vietor, Richard H. K. Contrived Competition: Regulation and Deregulation in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Translated by Henderson, A. M. and Parsons, Talcott. New York: Free Press, 1947.Google Scholar
Wright, Robert E. Corporation Nation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yost, Jeffrey R. Making It Work: A History of the Computer Services Industry. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, R. Michael, and Brehm, John. “Information and American Attitudes toward Bureaucracy.” Social Science Working Paper 961, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, April 1996.Google Scholar
Atack, Jeremy, and Bateman, Fred. “Manufacturing.” In Historical Statistics of the United States, edited by Carter, Susan B., Gertner, Scott Sigmund, Haines, Michael R., Olmstead, Alan L., Sutch, Richard, and Wright, Gavin, 4:573–704. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Atkinson, Robert D., and Andes, Scott. The 2010 State New Economy Index: Benchmarking Economic Transformation in the States. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and ITIF, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banks, Louie M. “The Office of Strategic Services Psychological Selection Program.” MMAS Thesis, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, 1995.Google Scholar
Baumol, William J., and Strom, Robert J.. “‘Useful Knowledge’ of Entrepreneurship: Some Implications of the History.” In The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times, edited by Landes, David S., Mokyr, Joel, and Baumol, William J., 527–541. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, Hungsub. “Manufacturing Knowledge in Transit: Technical Practices, Organizational Change, and the Rise of the Semiconductor Industry in the U.S. and Japan.” Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 2007.Google Scholar
Collins, Rory, Reith, Christina, Emberson, Jonathan, et al. “Interpretation of the Evidence for the Efficacy and Safety of Statin Therapy.” Lancet 388 (November 19, 2016): 2532–2561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuff, Robert. “American Mobilization for War, 1917–45: Political Culture vs. Bureaucratic Administration.” In Mobilization for Total War: The Canadian, American and British Experience 1914–1918, 1939–1945, edited by Dreisziger, N. F., 73–86. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Durant, Robert F. “A Heritage Made Our Own.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy, edited by Durant, Robert F., 3–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Endo, Akira. “A Historical Perspective on the Discovery of Statins.” Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 86, no. 5 (2010): 484–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairlie, Robert, Sameeksha, Desai, and Herrmann, A. J.. National Report on Early Stage Entrepreneurship. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2019.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. “The Entrepreneurial Culture and the Mysteries of Economic Development.” Essays in Economic & Business History 36 (2018): 290–291.Google Scholar
Galambos, Louis. “The Entrepreneurial Culture: Mythologies, Realities, and Networks in Nineteenth-Century America.” Academy of Management Perspectives, Feb 7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2019.0132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galambos, Louis, and Amatori, Franco. “The Entrepreneurial Multiplier Effect.” Enterprise & Society 17, no. 4 (2016): 763–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, Leslie. “Marshall’s ‘Trees’ and the Global ‘Forest’: Were ‘Giant Redwoods’ Different?” In Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Countries, edited by Lamoreaux, Naomi R., Raff, Daniel M. G., and Temin, Peter, 253–293. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Hathaway, Ian. Tech Starts: High-Technology Business Formation and Job Creation in the United States. Kansas City, MO: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2013.Google Scholar
Hawley, Ellis. “Herbert Hoover, the Commerce Secretariat, and the Vision of an ‘Associative State.’” Journal of American History 61, no. 1 (1974): 116–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, Robert. “How to Build Hogan Assessment Systems.” Unpublished draft, 2019.Google Scholar
Hogan, Robert, and Shelton, Dana. “A Socioanalytic Perspective on Job Performance.” Human Performance 11, no. 2/3 (1998): 129–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan, Robert, Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas, and Galambos, Louis. “Historical and Theoretical Explorations in the Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship.” Unpublished paper presented at the World Economic History Conference in Kyoto, Japan, 2015.Google Scholar
Johnson, H. Thomas. “Managing by Remote Control: Recent Management Accounting Practice in Historical Perspective.” In Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information, edited by Temin, Peter, 41–66. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Kipping, Matthias, and Clark, Timothy. “Researching Management Consulting: An Introduction to the Handbook.” In The Oxford Handbook of Management Consulting, edited by Kipping, Matthias and Clark, Timothy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235049.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199235049-e-1.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, Naomi R., Raff, Daniel M. G., and Temin, Peter. “Beyond Markets and Hierarchies: Toward a New Synthesis of American Business History.” American Historical Review 108, no. 2 (2003): 404–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, Richard N., and Steinmueller, W. Edward. “The Evolution of Competitive Advantage in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1947–1996.” In Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries, edited by Mowery, David C. and Nelson, Richard R., 19–78. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindert, Peter H. “U.S. Foreign Trade and Trade Policy in the Twentieth Century.” In The Twentieth Century, Vol. 3 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, edited by Engerman, Stanley L. and Gallman, Robert E., 407–462. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lipartito, Kenneth. “Rethinking the Innovation Factory: Bell Laboratories in Perspective.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 132–159. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, Donald W. How Assessment Centers Were Started in the United States. Bridgeville, PA: Development Dimensions International, n.d.Google Scholar
Mandel, Michael. How the Startup Economy is Spreading Across the Country—and How It Can Be Accelerated. Washington: Progressive Policy Institute and TechNet, 2017.Google Scholar
Merton, Robert K. “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality.” In Social Structure, 195–206. Toronto: Collier-Macmilla 1964.Google Scholar
Miranti, Paul J. Jr. “Probability Theory and the Challenge of Sustaining Innovation: Traffic Management at the Bell System.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 114–131. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Mitch, David. “A Year of Transition: Faculty Recruiting at Chicago in 1946.” Journal of Political Economy 124, no. 61 (2016): 1714–1734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moynihan, Donald P. “The Promises and Paradoxes of Performance-Based Bureaucracy.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Bureaucracy, edited by Durant, Robert F., 278–302. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Odagiri, Hiroyuki, and Goto, Akira. “The Japanese System of Innovation: Past, Present, and Future.” In National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, edited by Nelson, Richard R., 76–114. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
“Public Trust in Government: 1958–2019.” Pew Research Center. April 11, 2019. https://www.people-press.org/2019/04/11/public-trust-in-government-1958-2019.Google Scholar
Raff, Daniel M. G. “The Book-of-the-Month Club: A Reconsideration.” Unpublished manuscript, 2017.Google Scholar
Raff, Daniel M. G.. “What Became of Borders? Some Evolutionary Economic History of the Book Trade in America.” Unpublished manuscript, 2014.Google Scholar
Reihlen, Markus, Smets, Michael, and Veit, Andreas. “Management Consultancies as Institutional Agents: Strategies for Creating and Sustaining Institutional Capital.” Schmalenbach Business Review 62 (2010): 317–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rourke, Francis E. “Secrecy in American Bureaucracy.” Political Science Quarterly 72, no. 4 (1957): 540–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Søensen, Jesper B. “Bureaucracy and Entrepreneurship: Workplace Effects on Entrepreneurial Entry.” Administrative Science Quarterly 52 (2007): 387–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturchio, Jeffrey L., and Galambos, Louis. “Pharmaceutical Firms and the Transition to Biotechnology: A Study in Strategic Innovation.” Business History Review 72 (1998): 250–278.Google Scholar
Sull, Donald N., Tedlow, Richard S., and Rosenbloom, Richard S.. “Managerial Commitments and Technological Change in the US Tire Industry.” Industrial and Corporate Change 6, no. 2 (1997): 461–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sylla, Richard. “Experimental Federalism: The Economics of American Government, 1789–1914.” In The Long Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2 of The Cambridge Economic History of the United States, edited by Engerman, Stanley L. and Gallman, Robert E., 483–541. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Taylor, James B. “Bureaucratic Structure and Personality: The Merton Model Revisited.” In Bureaucracy as a Social Problem, edited by Littrell, W. Boyd, Sjoberg, Gideon, and Zurcher, Louis A., 151–171. Greenwich: JAI Press, 1983.Google Scholar
“2018 Top Assessment and Evaluation Companies.” Training Industry. January 24, 2019. https://trainingindustry.com/top-training-companies/measurement-and-analytics/2018-top-assessment-and-evaluation-companies/.Google Scholar
Usselman, Steven W. “Unbundling IBM: Antitrust and the Incentives to Innovation in American Computing.” In The Challenge of Remaining Innovative: Insights from Twentieth-Century American Business, edited by Clarke, Sally H., Lamoreaux, Naomi R., and Usselman, Steven W., 249–279. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Venkataraman, Sankaran. “The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurial Research.” In Advances in Entrepreneurship. Firm Emergence, and Growth, edited by Katz, J. and Brockhaus, R., 119–138. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J. “Federal, State, and Local Government Finances—Census of Governments.” In Historical Statistics of the United States, edited by Carter, Susan B., Gertner, Scott Sigmund, Haines, Michael R., Olmstead, Alan L., Sutch, Richard, and Wright, Gavin, 5:10–12. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Williams, Norma M., Sjoberg, Gideon, and Sjoberg, Andrte F., “The Bureaucratic Personality: An Alternate View. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, July 1, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638001600308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas.Google Scholar
Hogan, Robert T.Google Scholar
Knoppers, Antonie T.Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by