Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-09T13:08:14.461Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

R. R. Marples
Affiliation:
Staphylococcus Reference Laboratory
A. A. Wieneke
Affiliation:
Food Hygiene Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Over the 7 years 1985–91, 997 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 962 patients with diseases other than food poisoning have been tested for the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and phage typed. In all, 128 cases could be classified as confirmed or probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) but a further 199 cases were classified as possible or unconfirmed TSS. In 219 cases, an alternative diagnosis could be supported and 45 cases were classified as sudden infant death syndrome. In 371 cases, insufficient information for classification was available.

Strains of phage group I producing TSST-1 were associated with menstrual TSS. Many menstrual TSS cases were aged less than 20 and were using non-introducer tampons.

When all strains were reviewed, strong associations were observed between TSST-1 production and phage group I strains, enterotoxin B production and group V strains, enterotoxin C and phage-type 95 strains and between enterotoxin A without TSST-1 and phage group III strains.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

References

REFERENCES

1.Shands, KN, Schmid, GP, Dan, BB, et al. Toxic-shock syndrome in menstruating women. N Eng J Med 1980; 303: 1436–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Bergdoll, MS. Crass, BA. Reiser, RF. Robbins, RN, Davis, JP. A new staphylococcal enterotoxin. enterotoxin F. associated with toxic-shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Lancet 1981; i: 1017–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Schlievert, PM. Shands, KN. Dan, BB, Schmid, GP, Nishimura, RD. Identification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome. J Infect Dis 1981; 143: 509–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Todd, J. Fishaut, M, Kapral, F. Welch, T. Toxic shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci. Lancet 1978; ii: 1116–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Chesney, PJ. Bergdoll, MS, Davis, JP, Vergerout, JM. The disease spectrum, epidemiology and etiology of toxic shock syndrome. Ann Rev Microbiol 1984: 38: 315–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Hallander, HO, Laurell, G. Enterotoxin-producing staphylococci in some aspects of diagnosis. frequency and types of infection. Postepy Mikrobiologii t. V. Z. 2. 1966; 421–8.Google Scholar
7.Schlievert, PM. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 are significantly associated with non-menstrual TSS. Lancet 1986; i: 1149–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Asheshov, EH. Coe, AW. Porthouse, A. Properties of strains of Staphylococcus aureus of the 94/96 complex. J Med Microbiol 1977; 10: 171–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Marples, RR. Wieneke, AA. Toxic shock syndrome in the UK: 1985–90. Communicable Disease Report 1991: 1: R912.Google Scholar
10.Mochmann, H, Rose, I, Richter, V, Karsch, W, Witte, W. Detection of enterotoxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from autopsy materials. Zbl Bakt 1985; Suppl 14: 349.Google Scholar
11.Humphreys, H, Keane, CT, Hone, R, et al. Enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of septicaemia and from healthy carriers. J Med Microbiol 1989: 28: 163–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Arbuthnott, JP, Coleman, DC, de Azavedo, JS. Staphylococcal toxins in human disease. J Appl Bact Symp Suppl 1990, 101S107S.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Frame, JD, Eve, MD, Hackett, MEJ, Dowsett, EG, Brain, AN, Gault, DT, Wilmshurst, AD. The toxic shock syndrome in burned children. Burns 1985; 11: 234–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.de Saxe, MJ, Hawtin, P, Wieneke, AA. Toxic shock syndrome in Britain – epidemiology and microbiology. Postgrad Med J 1985; 61: (Suppl 1): 521.Google Scholar
15.Blair, JE, Williams, REO. Phage typing of staphylococci. Bull WHO 1961; 24: 771–84.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Parker, MT. The significance of phage-typing patterns in Staphylococcus aureus. In: Easmon, CSF, Adlam, C, eds. Staphylococci and staphylococcal infections, Vol 1. London: Academic Press, 1983.Google Scholar
17.Kerr, S, Kerr, GE, Mackintosh, CA, Marples, RR. A survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus affecting patients in England and Wales. J Hosp Infect 1990; 16: 3548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Simkovicova, M, Gilbert, RJ. Serological detection of enterotoxin from food poisoning strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 1971; 4: 1930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Hallander, HO, Korlof, B. Enterotoxin producing staphylococci. A clinical bacteriological study on the importance of strains isolated from autopsies, wounds and burns. Acta Path Microbiol Scandinav 1967; 71: 359–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar