Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-22T00:28:00.205Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Inactivation of f2 coliphage in municipal effluent by the use of various disinfectants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

H. Hajenian
Affiliation:
University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey
M. Butler
Affiliation:
University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Bromine chloride, chlorine and peracetic acid inactivated f2 coliphage in effluent but in order to achieve 99·99% inactivation the three disinfectants were required at about 1, 10 and 100 mg/l respectively. The activity of chlorine was halved by the presence of added organic matter, whereas bromine chloride and peracetic acid were very little affected. When a second successive dose of virus was added to the reaction mixture, the virus was inactivated only by peracetic acid despite the fact that in the chlorine-treated effluent residual chlorine was detected. The addition of a second dose of disinfectant inactivated residual virus in the same way as the first dose.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

References

REFERENCES

Balluz, S. A., Butler, M. & Jones, H. H. (1978). The behaviour of f2 coliphage in activated sludge treatment. Journal of Hygiene 80, 237–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. R., McLean, D. M. & Nixon, M. C. (1963). Bromine disinfection of swimming pools. Canadian Journal of Public Health 54, 267–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Chang, S. L. & Morris, J. C. (1953). Elemental iodine as a disinfectant for drinking water. Industrial Engineering & Chemistry 45, 1009–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coin, L., Hannoun, C. & Gomella, C. (1964). Inactivation par l'ozone du virus do la poliomyélite présent dans les eaux. Presse Médicale 72, 2153–7.Google Scholar
Evison, L. (1972). Inactivation of viruses in water with ozone. British Water Supply 9, 1417.Google Scholar
Hajenian, H. & Butler, M. (1980). Inactivation of viruses in municipal effluent by chlorine. Journal of Hygiene 84, 63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenelson, E. & Biederman, N. (1976). Disinfection of viruses in sewage by ozone. Water Research 10, 629–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keswich, B. H., Fujioka, B. H., Berbank, N. C. & Loh, P. C. (1977). Bromine chloride: an alternative disinfectant to chlorine. Technical Memoranda Report No. 54, Office of Water Research and Technology, Washington, D.C., 15 pp.Google Scholar
Kline, L. B. & Hull, R. N. (1960). The virucidal properties of peracetic acid. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 33, 3033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiusé, C. W., Olivieri, V. P. & Kawata, K. (1971). The enhancement of viral inactivation of halogens. Water & Sewage Works 118, 187–93.Google Scholar
Lothrop, L. & Sproul, O. J. (1969). High-level inactivation of viruses in waste-water by chlorination. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 41, 567–75.Google ScholarPubMed
McKee, J. E., Brokaw, C. J. & Mclaughlin, R. T. (1960). Chemical and colicidal effects of halogens in sewage. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 32, 795819.Google Scholar
Meyer, E. (1975). Disinfection von Abwasser aus Tierkorperbeseitigungsanstalten mit Hilfe der Peressigsäure. Sonderdruck aus Monatshefte für Veterinärmedizin 30, 368–71.Google Scholar
Mills, J. F. (1973). The chemistry of bromine chloride in waste water disinfection. Division of Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society 13, 137–41.Google Scholar
Mills, J. F. (1975). Interhalogens and halogen mixtures as disinfectants. In Disinfection—Water and Waste-water (ed. Johnson, J. D.), pp. 113–43. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Ann Arbor Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Olivieri, V. P., Donovan, T. K. & Kawata, K. (1971). Inactivation of virus in sewage. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, PASCE 97, SA5, 661–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Painter, H. A. (1971). Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of wastes and waste effluents. In Water and Water Pollution Handbook, vol. I (ed. Ciaccio, L. L.), pp. 329–64. N.Y.: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Palin, A. T. (1950). A study of the chloro derivatives of ammonia and related compounds, with special reference to their formation in the chlorination of natural and polluted waters. Water and Water Engineering 54, 151–9, 189–200, 248–56.Google Scholar
Palin, A. T. (1957). The determination of free and combined chlorine in water by the use of diethyl-p-phenylene diamine. Journal of the American Water Works Association 49, 873–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pavoni, J., Tittlebaum, M., Spencer, H., Fleischwan, M., Nebel, C. & Gottschling, R. (1972). Virus removal from waste-water using ozone. Water and Sewage Works 119, 5967.Google Scholar
Perlman, P. G. (1969). Water resources engineering—technology briefs. Water and Wasteu Engineering 6, 14.Google Scholar
Snuval, H. I., Cymbalista, S., Wachs, A., Zohar, Y. & Goldblum, N. (1966). The inactivation of enteroviruses in sewage by chlorination. Advances in Water Pollution Research 2, 3751.Google Scholar
Smith, J. W. (1978). Waste-water disinfectants: many called — few chosen. Water & Wastes Engineering 15, 1825.Google Scholar
Sprössig, M. & Mücke, H. (1969). Die Virusdisinfektion durch Peressigsäure in Gegenwart von Alkoholen. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Math.-Nat. 18, 1171–3.Google Scholar
Sully, B. D. & Williams, P. L. (1962). The analysis of solutions of peracids and hydrogen peroxide. Analyst 87, 653–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, D. G. & Johnson, J. D. (1974). Kinetics of viral inactivation by bromine. In Chemistry of Water Supply, Treatment & Distribution (ed. Rubin, A. J.), pp. 368408. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Tifft, E. C., Moffa, P. E., Richardson, S. L. & Field, R. I. (1977). Enhancement of high rate disinfection by sequential addition of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 49, 1652–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Warringer, T. (1967). Field tests on chlorination of poliovirus in sewage. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, PASCE 93, SA5, 5165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, G. C. (1972). Handbook of Chlorination. N.Y.: Van-Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Wyatt, T. D. & Wilson, T. S. (1979). A bacteriological investigation of two leisure centre swimming pools disinfected with ozone. Journal of Hygiene 82, 425–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed