Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-09T15:35:30.197Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations on photodynamic inactivation of vaccinia virus and its effect on immunogenicity*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

G. S. Turner  and
C. Kaplan
G. S. Turner
Affiliation:
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Elstree, Hertfordshire
C. Kaplan
Affiliation:
Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Elstree, Hertfordshire
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Photoinactivation of vaccinia virus sensitized by methylene blue had parameters similar to those observed with other viruses. Thus inactivation proceeded exponentially to completion, was irreversible, independent of temperature and the intensity of illumination. Inactivation was dependent on the dose of illumination and the concentrations of both methylene blue and hydrogen ions. The effects of pH appeared to be primarily concerned with the tenacity of dye-virus binding. Inactivation was inhibited by small amounts of nucleic acid but not by their bases or pentoses. Inactivation was only affected by the presence of extraneous protein in relatively high concentration: it was not affected by the enzymes catalase or peroxidase. Attempts to obtain direct chemical evidence of the participation of viral nucleic acid in photoinactivation were unsuccessful.

Recombination experiments strongly indicated the involvement of viral protein in photoinactivation. Immunogenicity was not impaired since good responses of neutralizing antibody were obtained in rabbits immunized with vaccines photoinactivated over a wide range of exposure times.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , September 1965 , pp. 395 - 410
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1965

References

Blum, H. F. (1941). Photodynamic Action and Diseases caused by Light. New York: Rheinhold Publishing Corp.Google Scholar
Boulter, E. A. (1957). The titration of vaeoinial neutralizing antibody on ohorio-allantoic membranes. J. Hyg., Camb., 55, 502.Google ScholarPubMed
Burnet, F. M. (1933). The classification of dysentery-coli bacteriophages. III. A correlation of the serological classification with certain biochemical tests. J. Path. Bact. 37, 179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnet, F. M., Keogh, E. V. & Lush, D. (1937). Immunological reactions of filterable viruses. Aust. J. exp. Biol. med. Sci 15, 227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempsey, T. F. & Mayer, V. (1934). Canine distemper vaccine. Two experiments with vaccine prepared by photodynamic action of methylene blue. J. comp. Path. Ther. 47, 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenner, F. (1962). The reactivation of animal viruses. Br. med. J. ii, 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galloway, A. (1934). The ‘fixed’ virus of rabies: the antigenic value of the virus inactivated by the photodynamic action of methylene blue and Proflavine. Br. J. exp. Path. 15, 97.Google Scholar
Helprin, J. J. & Hiatt, C. W. (1959). Photosensitization of T2 coliphage with toluidine blue. J. Bact. 77, 502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herzberg, K. (1933). Weiterer Untersuchungen über die Zerstörbarkeit der Variola-Vakzine-virus durch Lichtenergie und Farbstoffe. Z. ImmunForsch. exp. Their. 80, 507.Google Scholar
Joklik, W. K. (1962 a). The purification of four strains of poxvirus. Virology, 18, 9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joklik, W. K. (1962 b). Some properties of poxvirus DNA. J. molec. Biol. 5, 265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joklik, W. K. (1964). The intracellular fate of rabbitpox virus rendered non-infectious by various reagents. Virology, 22, 620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joklik, W. K., Woodroofe, G. M., Holmes, I. H. & Fenner, F. (1960). The reactivation of poxviruses. I. Demonstration of the phenomenon and techniques of assay. Virology, 11, 168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, R. E., Walwick, E. R. & Gifford, C. K. (1964 a). Spectral changes in a cationie dye due to interaction with macromolecules. I. Behaviour of dye alone in solution and the effect of added macromolecules. J. phys. Chem., Ithaca, 68, 1896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, R. E., Walwick, E. R. & Gifford, C. K. (1964 b). Spectral changes in a cationie dye due to interaction with macromolecules. 2. Effects of environment and macromolecular structure. J. phys. Chem., Ithaca, 68, 1907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lea, D. E. (1955). Actions of Radiations on Living Cells, 2nd edn.Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
McLaren, A. D. & Shttgar, D. (1964). Photochemistry of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Müller, C. & Peters, D. (1963). The fine structure of the DNA-containing core of vaccinia virus. Virology, 21, 266.Google Scholar
Northland, F. W., De Bruyn, P. P. H. & Smith, N. H. (1954). Spectrophotometric studies on the interaction of nucleic acids with aminoacridines and other basic dyes. Expl Cell Res. 7, 201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peacocke, A. R. & Skerette, J. N. H. (1956). The interaction of aminoacridines with nucleic acids. Trans. Faraday Soc. 52, 261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perdrau, J. R. & Todd, C. (1933 a). The photodynamic action of methylene blue on certain viruses. Proc. R. Soc. B, 112, 288.Google Scholar
Perdrau, J. R. & Todd, C. (1933 b). Canine distemper. The high antigenic value of the virus after photodynamic inactivation by methylene blue. J. comp. Path. Ther. 46, 78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raab, O. (1900). Über die Wirkung fluorescirender Stoffe auf Infusorien. Z. Biol. 39, 524.Google Scholar
Sajgó, Mihály (1963). Photo oxidation of myoglobin. J. molec. Biol. 7, 752.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, M. I. & van Vunakis, H. (1962). The photodynamic reaction of methylene blue with deoxyribonucleic acid. J. molec. Biol. 4, 448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, M. I. & van Vunakis, H. (1964). The dye-sensitized photooxidation of purine and pyrimidine derivatives. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 105, 197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smadel, J. E. & Hoagland, C. L. (1942). The elementary bodies of vaccinia. Bact. Rev. 6, 79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stearn, E. W. & Stearn, A. E. (1923). The mechanical behaviour of dyes, especially gentian violet, in bacteriological media. J. Bact. 8, 567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sussenbach, J. S. & Berends, W. (1963). Photosensitized inactivation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochim. biophys. Acta, 76, 154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallis, C. & Melnlck, J. L. (1963). Photodynamic inactivation of poliovirus. Virology, 21, 332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallis, C. & Melnick, J. L. (1964). Irreversible photosensitization of viruses. Virology, 23, 520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wallis, C, Sakurada, N. & Melnick, J. L. (1963). Influenza vaccine prepared by photodynamic inactivation of virus. J. Immun. 91, 677.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weil, L., James, S. & Butchert, A. R. (1953). Photooxidation of crystalline chymotrypsin in the presence of methylene blue. Archs Biochem. Biophys. 46, 266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welsh, J. N. & Adams, M. H. (1954). Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage. J. Bact. 68, 122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamamoto, N. (1958). Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage and its inhibition. J. Bact. 75, 443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed