Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-wp2c8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-16T15:27:35.581Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Typing tools for the investigation of epidemic fungal infection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

S. A. Howell  and
W. C. Noble
S. A. Howell
Affiliation:
Department of Microbial Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH
W. C. Noble
Affiliation:
Department of Microbial Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The epidemiology of bacterial infection is investigated by the use of identification procedures at a sub-species level by such techniques as serotyping, phage typing, various antigen recognition tests, plasmid profiling and DNA probes. Fungal epidemiology has tended to lag behind in the use of this technology, particularly with the filamentous fungi, though several techniques have been developed for yeasts and especially for Candida albicans. This review will briefly describe the application of these methods to outbreaks of C. albicans infection, describe the limited methods available for the investigation of filamentous fungal infection and indicate the necessity for increased research in this area.

Type
Special Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 105 , Issue 1 , August 1990 , pp. 1 - 9
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

References

REFERENCES

1.Weber, DJ, Rutala, WA. Epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections. In: McGinnis, M. ed. Current topics in medical mycology. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988: 305–37.Google Scholar
2.Anaissie, E, Kantarjian, H, Ro, J et al. , The emerging role of Fusarium infections in patients with cancer. Medicine 1988; 67: 77–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.O'Day, DM, Head, WS, Robinson, RD. An outbreak of Candida parapsilosis endophthalmitis: analysis of strains by enzyme profile and antifungal susceptibility. Br J Ophthalmol 1987; 71: 126–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Gartenberg, G, Bottone, EJ, Kersch, GT, Weitzman, I. Hospital-acquired mucormycosis (Rhizopus rhizopodiformis) of skin and subcutaneous tissue. New Engl J Med 1978; 299: 1115–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Shah, PC, Krajden, S, Kane, J, Summerbell, RC. Tinea corporis caused by Microsporum canis: report of a nosocomial outbreak. Eur J Epidemiol 1988; 4: 33–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Isenberg, HD, Tucci, V, Cintron, F, Singer, C, Weinstein, GS, Tyras, DH. Single-source outbreak of Candida tropicalis complicating coronary bypass surgery. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 2426–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Richet, HM, McNeil, MM, Edwards, MC, Jarvis, WR. Cluster of Malassezia furfur pulmonary infections in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1197–1200.Google Scholar
8.Surmont, I, Gavilanes, A, Vandepitte, J, Devlieger, H, Eggermont, E. Malassezia furfur fungaemia in infants receiving intravenous lipid emulsions. A rarity or just underestimated ? Eur J Pediatr 1989; 148: 435–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Shek, YH, Tucker, MC, Viciana, AL, Manz, HJ, Connor, DH. Malassezia furfur disseminated infection in premature infants. Am J Clin Pathol 1989; 92: 595–603.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Handrick, W, Schönborn, C, Spencker, F-B, Hückel, D. Infectionen durch Candida krusei bei neugeborenen. Pädiatr Pädol 1989; 24: 289–95.Google Scholar
11.Allo, MD, Miller, J, Townsend, T, Tan, C. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis associated with Hickman intravenous catheters. New Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1105–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Odds, FC, Abbott, AB. A simple system for the presumptive identification of Candida albicans and differentiation of strains within the species. Sabouraudia 1980; 18: 301–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Odds, FC, Abbott, AB. Modification and extension of tests for differentiation of Candida species and strains. Sabouraudia 1983; 21: 79–81.Google Scholar
14.Odds, FC. Candida and candidosis. A review and bibliography. London: Bailière Tindall, 1988.Google Scholar
15.Odds, FC, Auger, P, Krogh, P, Neely, AN, Segal, E. Biotyping of Candida albicans: results of an international collaborative survey. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1506–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Odds, FC, Webster, CE, Fisk, PG, Riley, VC, Mayuranathan, P, Simmons, PD. Candida species and C. albicans biotypes in women attending clinics in genitourinary medicine. J Med Microbiol 1989; 29: 51–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Krogh, P, Holmstrup, P, Thorn, JJ, Vedtofte, P, Pindborg, JJ. Yeast species and biotypes associated with oral leukoplakia and lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Pathol 1987; 63: 48–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Korting, HC, Ollert, M, Georgii, A, Fröschl, M. In vitro susceptibilities and biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral cavities of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 2626–31.Google Scholar
19.Brown-Thomsen, J. Variability in Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout. I. Studies in morphology and biological activity. Hereditas 1968; 60: 355–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Phongpaichit, S, Mackenzie, DWR, Fraser, C. Strain differentiation of Candida albicans by morphotyping. Epidemiol Infect 1987; 99: 421–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Hunter, PR, Fraser, CAM, Mackenzie, DWR. Morphotype markers of virulence in human candidal infections. J Med Microbiol 1989; 28: 85–91.Google Scholar
22.Warnock, DW, Speller, DCE, Milne, JD, Hilton, AL, Kershaw, PI. Epidemiological investigation of patients with vulvovaginal candidosis. Application of a resistogram method for strain differentiation of Candida albicans. Br J Vener Dis 1979; 55: 357–61.Google ScholarPubMed
23.McCreight, MC, Warnock, DW, Martin, MV. Resistogram typing of Candida albicans isolates from oral and cutaneous sites in irradiated patients. Sabouraudia: J Med Vet Mycol 1985; 23: 403–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Polonelli, L, Archibusacci, C, Sestito, M, Morace, G. Killer system: a simple method for differentiating Candida albicans strains. J Clin Microbiol 1983; 17: 774–80.Google Scholar
25.Magee, JT, Hindmarch, JM, Duerden, BI, Mackenzie, DWR. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry as a method for inter-strain discrimination of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 1988; 134: 2841–7.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Brawner, DL, Cutler, JE. Oral Candida albicans isolates from nonhospitalized normal carriers, immunocompetent hospitalized patients, and immunocompromised patients with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 1335–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Burnie, JP, Matthews, R, Lee, W et al. , Four outbreaks of nosocomial systemic candidiasis. Epidemiol Infect 1987; 99: 201–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Vaudry, WL, Tierney, AJ, Wenman, WM. Investigation of a cluster of systemic Candida albicans infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 1375–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Cunningham, MJ, Noble, WC. SDS-PAGE protein patterns of yeasts from human sources. Mycoses 1989; 32: 344–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Lehmann, PF, Kemker, BJ, Hsiao, CB, Dev, S. Isoenzyme biotypes of Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 2514–21.Google Scholar
31.Merz, WG, Connelly, C, Hieter, P. Variation of electrophoretic karyotypes among clinical isolates of Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 842–5.Google Scholar
32.Kaufmann, CS, Merz, WG. Electrophoretic karyotypes of Torulopsis glabrata. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27: 2165–8.Google Scholar
33.Polacheck, I, Lebens, GA. Electrophoretic karyotype of the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. J Gen Microbiol 1989; 135: 65–71.Google ScholarPubMed
34.Perfect, JR, Magee, BB, Magee, PT. Separation of chromosomes of Cryptococcus neoformans by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2624–7.Google Scholar
35.Scherer, S, Stevens, DA. Application of DNA typing methods to epidemiology and taxonomy of Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 675–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Matthews, R, Burnie, J. Assessment of DNA fingerprinting for rapid identification of outbreaks of systemic candidiasis. Br Med J 1989; 298: 354–7.Google Scholar
37.Magee, BB, D'Souza, TM, Magee, PT. Strain and species identification by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the ribosomal DNA repeat of Candida species. J Bacteriol 1987: 169: 1639–43.Google Scholar
38.Spitzer, ED, Lasker, BA, Travis, SJ, Kobayashi, GS, Medoff, G. Use of mitochondrial and ribosomal DXA polymorphisms to classify clinical and soil isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 1409–12.Google Scholar
39.Suzuki, K, Kawasaki, M, Ishiziaki, H. Analysis of restriction profiles of mitochondrial DNA from Sporothrix schenckii and related fungi. Mycopathologia 1988; 103: 147–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Leslie, CE, Flannigan, B, Milne, LJR. Morphological studies on clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Med Vet Mycol 1988; 26: 335–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Tucker, WDL. The dysgonic form of Microsporum canis in N.W. London. Br J Dermatol 1980: 102: 429–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Midgley, G. A glabrous Microsporum canis in greater London. Sabouraudia 1981; 19: 71–7.Google Scholar
43.Nuovo, MA, Simmonds, JE, Chacho, MS, McKitrich, JC. Fusarium solani osteomyelitis with probable nosocomial spread. Am J Clin Pathol 1988; 90: 738–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Sarubbi, FA, Kopf, HB, Wilson, MB, McGinnis, MR, Rutala, WA. Increased recovery of Aspergillus flavus from respiratory specimens during hospital construction. Am J Clin Pathol 1982: 75: 33–8.Google Scholar
45.Barnes, RA, Rogers, TR. Control of an outbreak of nosocomial aspergillosis by laminar airflow isolation. J Hosp Infect 1989; 14: 89–94.Google Scholar
46.Harvey, IM, Leadbeatter, S, Peters, TJ, Mullins, J, Philpot, CM, Salmon, JR. An outbreak of disseminated aspergillosis associated with an intensive care unit. Community Med 1988; 10: 306–13.Google ScholarPubMed
47.Hammadi, K, Howell, SA, Noble, WC. Antibiotic production as a typing tool for the dermatophytes. Mycoses 1988; 31: 527–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Polonelli, L, Conti, S, Magliani, W, Morace, G. Biotyping of pathogenic fungi by the killer system and with monoclonal antibodies. Mycopathologia 1989; 107: 17–23.Google Scholar
49.Polonelli, L, Castagnola, M, Morace, G. Identification and serotyping of Microsporum canis isolates by monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1986; 23: 609–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Burnie, JP, Matthews, RC, Clark, I, Milne, LJR. Immunoblot fingerprinting Aspergillus fumigatus. J Immunol Meth 1989; 118: 179–86.Google Scholar
51.Tucker, WDL, Noble, WC. The value of electrophoretic protein patterns for the study of Microsporum canis. J Med Vet Mycol 1990. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Brody, H, Carbon, J. Electrophoretic karyotvpe of Aspergillus nidulans. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 6260–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53.Kozlowski, M, Stepien, PP. Restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial DNA of members of the genus Aspergillus as an aid in taxonomy. J Gen Microbiol 1982; 128: 471–6.Google Scholar
54.de Bièvre, C, Dauguet, C, Nguyen, VH, Ibrahim-Granet, O. Polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA of several Trichophyton rubrum isolates from clinical specimens. Ann Institut Pasteur/Microbiologie 1987; 138: 719–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed