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National identity between democracy and autocracy: a comparative analysis of 24 countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

Julian Erhardt Open the ORCID record for Julian Erhardt [Opens in a new window] ,
Steffen Wamsler Open the ORCID record for Steffen Wamsler [Opens in a new window]  and
Markus Freitag Open the ORCID record for Markus Freitag [Opens in a new window]
Julian Erhardt*
Affiliation:
Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
Steffen Wamsler
Affiliation:
Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
Markus Freitag
Affiliation:
Institute of Political Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
*
*E-mail: julian.erhardt@ipw.unibe.ch
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Abstract

Recognizing democratic backsliding and increasing support for authoritarianism, research on public preferences for democracy and its authoritarian alternatives has gained traction. Moving beyond the extant focus on economic determinants, our analysis examines the effect of national identity, demonstrating that it is a double-edged sword for regime preferences. Using recent European Values Survey data on 24 European countries from 2017 to 2018, we show that civic national identity is associated with a higher support for democracy and lower support for authoritarian regimes, whereas the reverse holds for ethnic identities. Further, economic hardship moderates these relationships: it strengthens both the negative effect of ethnic national identities and, to some extent, the positive effect of civic national identities on democracy support vis-à-vis authoritarian alternatives. This has important implications for the survival of democracy in times of crises and the study of a cultural backlash, since social identity matters substantively for individuals’ responses to economic hardship.

Keywords

national identityconceptions of nationhoodsupport for democracyregime preferenceeconomic hardship
Type
Research Article
Information
European Political Science Review , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , February 2021 , pp. 59 - 76
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Consortium for Political Research

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