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Estudios de autopsia psicológica: una revisión

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

E.T. lsometsä
E.T. lsometsä*
Affiliation:
Unidad de Investigación de los Trastornos del Estado de Ánimo y el Suicidio, Departamento de Investigación en Salud Mental y Alcohol, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mannerheimintie 166FIN-00300Helsinki, Finlandia
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Resumen

La autopsia psicológica es una de las herramientas más valiosas de la investigación sobre el suicidio consumado. El método implica recoger toda la información disponible sobre el fallecido por entrevistas estructuradas de los miembros de la familia, los parientes o los amigos, así como del personal sanitario que le atendió. Además, se recoge información de las historias médicas y psiquiátricas disponibles, otros documentos y el examen forense. Así, una autopsia psicológica sintetiza la información de múltiples informantes y registros. La primera generación de autopsias psicológicas estableció que más del 90% de los suicidas que consumaron el acto había sufrido trastornos mentales habitualmente comórbidos, la mayoría de ellos trastornos del estado de ánimo, trastornos por uso de sustancias o ambos. Además, revelaron un infratratamiento notable de estos trastornos mentales, a menudo a pesar del contacto con los servicios psiquiátricos u otros servicios sanitarios. Los estudios de autopsia psicológica más recientes han utilizado sobre todo diseños de casos y controles, y han podido de este modo estimar mejor el papel de diversos factores de riesgo para el suicidio. El futuro de los estudios de autopsia psicológica puede estar más centrado en las interacciones entre los factores de riesgo o los dominios de factores de riesgo, en algunas poblaciones suicidas específicas de mayor interés para la prevención del suicidio, o la combinación de la metodología de la autopsia psicológica con mediciones biológicas.

Keywords

alcoholismocomorbilidaddepresiónautopsia psicológicasuicidio
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 11 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2002

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