Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-vt8vv Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-08-15T00:44:39.390Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Estilos de apego en los adolescentes y su relación con los rasgos de temperamento y carácter de la personalidad en una población general

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Jayanti Chotai ,
Mattias Jonasson ,
Bruno Hägglöf  and
Rolf Adolfsson
Jayanti Chotai
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Hospital Universitario, Universidad de Umeå, 901 85 Umed, Suecia
Mattias Jonasson
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Hospital Universitario, Universidad de Umeå, 901 85 Umed, Suecia
Bruno Hägglöf
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas. Universidad de Umeå, Umeå, Suecia
Rolf Adolfsson
Affiliation:
División de Psiquiatría, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Hospital Universitario, Universidad de Umeå, 901 85 Umed, Suecia
Get access

Resumen

Se ha encontrado que tanto los estilos de apego como los rasgos de personalidad en los adolescentes y los adultos están asociados con la evolución de su salud y con sus trastornos de personalidad. En este estudio exploratorio transversal, investigamos la relación entre los estilos de apego que derivan de nuestros datos, empleando los elementos del cuestionario de autoinforme del estilo de apego (ASQ) de Feeney y cols. (1994), y los rasgos de personalidad dados por la versión para jóvenes del inventario de autoinforme del temperamento y el carácter (TCI) de Cloninger y cols. (1993) en una muestra de 426 adolescentes (el 54% mujeres) de una población general. El estilo de apego seguro correlacionaba de manera significativa y negativa con el rasgo de personalidad evitación del daño (ED), pero correlacionaba de manera significativa y positiva con los rasgos de personalidad búsqueda de novedad (BN), dependencia de la recompensa (DR), cooperatividad (CO) y autotrascendencia (AT). El estilo de apego preocupado (ansioso/ambivalente) tenía una correlación significativa positiva con ED y BN, pero la correlación era significativa y negativa con la autodirección (AD). La categoría temeroso-evitativo correlacionaba de manera significativa y negativa con la BN. Nuestra solución de cinco factores de los estilos de apego y su relación con el TCI apunta a la necesidad de una modificación del modelo de apego de dos ejes y cuatro categorías de Bartholomew (1990) y Bartholomew y Horowitz (1991), reemplazando su categoría de rechazador-evitativo por las dos categorías definidas aquí como rechazador de las relaciones (que correlaciona significativamente de manera negativa con la CO) y rechazador de los otros (que correlaciona significativamente de manera negativa con la DR y positiva con la AD).

Keywords

ApegoPersonalidadTemperamentoCarácter
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 12 , Issue 7 , October 2005 , pp. 371 - 379
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliografía

Ainsworth, MDSBlehar, MCWaters, EWall, S. Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1978.Google Scholar
Alexander, PCAnderson, CLBrand, BSchaeffer, CMGrelling, BZKretz, L. Adult attachment and longterm effects in survivors of incest. Child Abuse Negl 1998;22:45–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Backstrom, MHolmes, BM. Measuring adult attachment: a construct validation of two self-report instruments. Scand J Psychol 2001;42:79–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbara, AMDion, KL. Breaking up is hard to do, especially for strongly “preoccupied” lovers. J Pers Interpers Loss 2000;5:315–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew, K. Avoidance of intimacy: an attachment perspective. J Soc Pers Relat 1990;7:147–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomew, KHorowitz, LM. Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991;61:226–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bifalco, AMoran, PMBall, CLillie, A. Adult attachment style. II: its relationship to psychosocial depressive-vulnerability. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2002;37:60–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: attachment. New York: Basic Books; 1969.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: val. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books; 1973.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. Attachment and loss: val. 3. Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books; 1980.Google Scholar
Brandstrom, SSchlette, PPrzybock, TRLundberg, MForsgren, TSigvardsson, S, et al. Swedish normative data on personality using the temperament and character inventory. Compr Psychiatry 1998;39:122–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, VCicchetti, DBarnett, DBraunwald, K. Disorganized/ disoriented attachment relationships in maltreated infants. Dev Psychol 1989;25:525–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chotai, JJonasson, MHagglof, BAdolfsson, R. The temperament scale of novelty seeking in adolescents shows an association with season of birth opposite to that in adults. Psychiatry Res 2002; 111:4554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ciechanowski, PSWalker, EAKaton, WJRusso, JE. Attachment theory: a model for health care utilization and somatization. Psychosom Med 2002;64:660–7.Google Scholar
Cloninger, CRSvrakic, DMPrzybeck, TR. A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:975–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, NLRead, SJ. Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;58:644- 63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, NLCooper, LMAlbino, AAllard, L. Psychosocial vulnerability from adolescence to adulthood: a prospective study of attachment style differences in relationship functioning and partner choice. J Pers 2002;70:965–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Constantino, JNCloninger, CRClarke, ARHashemi, BPrzybeck, T. Application of the seven-factor model of personality to early childhood. Psychiatry Res 2002;109:229–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fruyt, FVan de Wiele, LVan Heeringen, C. Cloninger's psychobiological model of temperament and character and the five-factor model of personality. Pers Indiv Differ 2000;29:441–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diehl, MElnick, ABBourbeau, LSLabouvie-Vief, G. Adult attachment styles: their relations to family context and personality. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998;74 1656-69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, AMahmood, ARedman, KHarris, TSadler, SMcGuffin, P. A sib-pair study of the temperament and character inventory scales in major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:490–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feeney, JANoller, PHanrahan, M. Assessing adult attachment. In: Sperling, MBBerman, WH, editors. Attachment in adults: clinical and developmental perspectives. New York: Guilford Press; 1994. p. 12852.Google Scholar
Fonagy, PLeigh, TSteele, MSteele, HKennedy, RMattoon, G, et al. The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:22–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fonagy, PTarget, MGergely, G. Attachment and borderline personality disorder: a theory and some evidence. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2000;23:103–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffin, DBartholomew, K. Models of self and other. Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. J Pers Soc Psychol 1994;67:430–5.Google Scholar
Griffin, DWBartholomew, K. The metaphysics of measurement: the case of adult attachment. Adv Pers Relat 1994;5:17–52.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, FTorrens, MBoget, TMartin-Santos, RSangorrin, JPerez, G, et al. Psychometric properties of the temperament and character inventory (TCI) questionnaire in a Spanish psychiatric population. Acta Psychiatr Stand 2001;103:143–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazan, CShaver, P. Conceptualizing romantic love as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol 1987;52:511–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirano, SSato, TNarita, TKusunoki, KOzaki, KKimura, S, et al. Evaluating the state dependency of the temperament and character inventory dimensions in patients with major depression: a methodological contribution. J Affect Disord 2002;69:31–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jiang, NSato, THara, TTakedomi, YOzaki, IYamada, S. Correlations between trait anxiety, personality and fatigue: study based on the temperament and character inventory. J Psychosom Res 2003;55:493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jonasson, MForsgren, TMarklund, LHagglof, BAdolfsson, R. Adolescents’ personality development: a normative study of the Swedish version of the junior temperament and character inventory (JTCI). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; (in press).Google Scholar
Luby, JLSvrakic, DMMcCallum, KPrzybeck, TRCloninger, CR. The junior temperament and character inventory: preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychol Rep 1999; 84: 1127-38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyons-Ruth, KJacobvitz, D. Attachment disorganization. Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional attentional strategies. In: Cassidy, JShaver, PR, editors. Handbook of attachment. New York: Guildford Press; 1999. p. 520-54.Google Scholar
Lyoo, IKYoon, TKang, DHKwon, JS. Patterns of changes in temperament and character inventory scales in subjects with obsessive compulsive disorder following a 4-month treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003;107:298–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyoo, IKHan, CHLee, SJYune, SKHa, JHChung, SJ, et al. The reliability and validity of the junior temperament and character inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2004;45:121–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Main, M. Introduction to the special section on attachment and psychopathology: 2. Overview of the field of attachment. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996;64:237–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Main, MSolomon, J. Discovery of a new, insecure-disorganizeddisoriented attachment pattern. In: Brazelton, TBYogman, M, editors. Affective development in infancy. Norwood, NJ: Albex; 1986. p. 95–124.Google Scholar
Marteinsdottir, ITillfors, MFurmark, TAnderberg, UMEkselius, L. Personality dimensions measured by the temperament and character inventory (TCI) in subjects with social phobia. Nord J Psychiatry 2003;57:29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mikulincer, MFlorian, VTolmacz, R. Attachment styles and fear of personal death: a case study of affect regulation. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990;58:273–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, SA. Personality correlates of adult attachment style. J Soc Psychol 1998;138:407–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakash-Eisikovits, ODutra, LWesten, D. Relationship between attachment patterns and personality pathology in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:1111-23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parker, GHadzi-Pavlovic, DParker, KMalhi, GMitchell, PWilhelm, K, et al. An Australian validation study of the temperament and character inventory. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003;108:359–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelissolo, A. Lepine JR Normative data and factor structure of the temperament and character inventory (TCI) in the French version. Psychiatry Res 2000;94:67–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Red, IMSamuels, JFEaton, WWBienvenu, OJ 3rd, Costa, PTNestadt, G. Influences of parenting on personality traits. Psychiatry Res 2002;111:54–64.Google Scholar
Rowatt, WCKirkpatrick, LA. Two dimensions of attachment to God and their relation to affect, religiosity, and personality constructs. J Sci Study Relig 2002;41:637–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaver, PRBrennan, KA. Attachment styles and the big 5 personality traits—their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 1992;18:536–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SPSS Base System. Syntax Referente Guide. Release 7.5. Chicago: SPSS Inc.; 1996.Google Scholar
Stein, HJacobs, NJFerguson, KSAllen, JGFonagy, RWhat do adult attachment scales measure? Bull Menninger Clin 1998;62:33–82.Google ScholarPubMed
Stein, HKoontz, ADFonagy, PAllen, JGFultz, JBrethour, JR, et al. Adult attachment: what are the underlying dimensions? Psychol Psychother 2002;75:77–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sung, SMKim, JHYang, EAbrams, KYLyoo, IK. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the temperament and character inventory. Compr Psychiatry 2002;43:235–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svrakic, NMSvrakic, DMCloninger, CR. A general quantitative theory of personality development: Fundamentals of a self-organizing psychobiological complex. Dev Psychopathol 1996;8:247–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughn, BEBost, KK. Attachment and temperament. Redundant, independent, or interacting Influences on interpersonal adaptation and personality development?In: Cassidy, JShaver, PR, editors. Handbook of attachment. New York: Guildford Press; 1999. p. 198–225.Google Scholar
Warren, SLHuston, LEgeland, BSroufe, LA. Child and adolescent anxiety disorders and early attachment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:637–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed