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Abnormal Neural Activation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2024

G. Zamora ,
C. Baten ,
A. M. Klassen ,
J. H. Shepherd ,
A. Catchpole ,
E. Davis ,
I. Dillsaver ,
C. E. Hunt ,
E. Johnson-Venegas  and
P. Hamilton
...Show all authors
G. Zamora*
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
C. Baten
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
A. M. Klassen
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
J. H. Shepherd
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
A. Catchpole
Affiliation:
2Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
E. Davis
Affiliation:
2Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
I. Dillsaver
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
C. E. Hunt
Affiliation:
2Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
E. Johnson-Venegas
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
P. Hamilton
Affiliation:
3Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
M. D. Sacchet
Affiliation:
4Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
E. Woo
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
J. A. Miller
Affiliation:
5Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, United States
D. W. Hedges
Affiliation:
2Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, United States
C. H. Miller
Affiliation:
1Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition that frequently originates in early development and is associated with a variety of functional impairments. Despite a large functional neuroimaging literature on ADHD, our understanding of the neural basis of this disorder remains limited, and existing primary studies on the topic include somewhat divergent results.

Objectives

The present meta-analysis aims to advance our understanding of the neural basis of ADHD by identifying the most statistically robust patterns of abnormal neural activation throughout the whole-brain in individuals diagnosed with ADHD compared to age-matched healthy controls.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation studies of ADHD. This included, according to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive PubMed search and predetermined inclusion criteria as well as two independent coding teams who evaluated studies and included all task-based, whole-brain, fMRI activation studies that compared participants diagnosed with ADHD to age-matched healthy controls. We then performed multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) a well-established, whole-brain, voxelwise approach that quantitatively combines existing primary fMRI studies, with ensemble thresholding (p<0.05-0.0001) and multiple comparisons correction.

Results

Participants diagnosed with ADHD (N=1,550), relative to age-matched healthy controls (N=1,340), exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05-0.0001; FWE-corrected) patterns of abnormal activation in multiple brains of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia across a variety of cognitive control tasks.

Conclusions

This study advances our understanding of the neural basis of ADHD and may aid in the development of new brain-based clinical interventions as well as diagnostic tools and treatment matching protocols for patients with ADHD. Future studies should also investigate the similarities and differences in neural signatures between ADHD and other highly comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 67 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 32nd European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2024 , pp. S72 - S73
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of European Psychiatric Association
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