Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-23T02:29:14.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dyadic adjustment in parents of schizophrenics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

Alberto Espina ,
Asunción Ortego ,
Iñigo Ochoa de Alda  and
Pilar González
Alberto Espina*
Affiliation:
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
Asunción Ortego
Affiliation:
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
Iñigo Ochoa de Alda
Affiliation:
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
Pilar González
Affiliation:
Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
*
2Corresponding author. ptpeseia@ss.ehu.es
Get access

Abstract

Objective

To study the dyadic adjustment in couples with a schizophrenic offspring.

Method

140 married couples, 67 with a children with schizophrenia, and two control groups: 41 couples without pathology and 32 couples with pathology, were assessed with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.

Results

The couples with a schizophrenic offspring evidenced significantly worse dyadic adjustment than did the normal controls, especially low consensus and cohesion in husbands, and low cohesion and satisfaction in wives. Anxiety and depression in mothers of schizophrenics is significantly higher than in mothers of controls.

Discussion

These findings suggest that the poor dyadic adjustment of the parents with a schizophrenic offspring could be an effect of the burden.

Conclusion

The treatment on the schizophrenia should be supplemented by interventions aimed at parents’ dyadic adjustment, and mothers’ anxiety and depression, so that they can be in better conditions to help their child.

Keywords

SchizophreniaDyadic adjustmentParents
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 18 , Issue 5 , August 2003 , pp. 233 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: APA; 1994.Google Scholar
Andreasen, NC. Scale for the assessment of negative and positive symptoms. Iowa City, Iowa: The University of Iowa; 1984.Google Scholar
Antill, JK, Cotton, S.Spanier’s dyadic adjustment scale: some confirmatory analyses. Aust Psychol 1982;17(2):181–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aquilino, WS. Children’s perception of marital interaction. Child Study J 1986;16(3):159–72.Google Scholar
Barrowclough, C, Tarrier, N, Johnston, M.Distress, expressed emotion and attributions on relatives of schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull 1996;22(4):691–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaucom, DH, Shoam, V, Mueser, KT, Daiuto, AD, Stickle, TR.Empirically supported couple and family interventions for marital distress and adult mental health problems. J Consult Clin Psychol 1998;66(1): 53–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, AT, Ward, CH, Mendelson, M, Mock, JE, Erbaugh, JK.An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4(June): 561–71.Google ScholarPubMed
Brown, GW, Rutter, M.The measurement of family activities and relationships. A methodological study. Hum Relat 1966;19:241–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, M, Spector, I, Lantinga, L, Krauss, D.Reliability of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Psychol Assess 1993;5(2):238–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpentier, N, Lesage, A, Goulet, J, Lalonde, P, Renaud, M.Burden of care of families not living with young schizophrenic relatives. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1992;43(1):38–43.Google Scholar
Cassidy, E, Hill, S, O’Callaghan, E.Efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention in improving relatives’ knowledge about schizophrenia and reducing rehospitalisation. Eur Psychiatry 2001;16:446–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crane, DR, Allgood, SM, Larson, JH, Griffin, W.Assessing marital quality with distressed and nondistressed couples: a comparison and equivalency table for three frequently used measures. J Marriage Fam 1990;52:87–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, DR, Middleton, KC, Bean, RA.Establishing criterion scores for the Kansas marital satisfaction scale and the revised dyadic adjustment scale. Am J Fam Ther 2000;28:53–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fadden, G, Bebbington, P, Kuipers, L.The burden of care: the impact of functional psychiatric illness on the patient’s family. Br J Psychiatry 1987;150:285–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, DP, Hillier, VG.A scaled version of the general health questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979;9:139–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldmann, HH. Mental illness and family burden: a public health perspective. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1982;33(7):557–660.Google Scholar
Haley, J. Leaving home. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1980.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. Social support, social networks, and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1981;1:45–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibbs, ED, Hamburger, SD, Kruesi, MJP, Lenane, M.Factors affecting expressed emotion in parents of ill and normal children. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1993;63(1):103–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klinck, AM, Waring, EM.Marital quality in the parents of schizophrenic offspring. Psychiatr J Univ Ott 1988;13(4):186–93.Google ScholarPubMed
Kuipers, L. Family burden in schizophrenia: implications for services. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1993;28:207–10.Google Scholar
Lam, DH. Psychosocial family intervention in schizophrenia: a review of empirical studies. Psychol Med 1991;21:423–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J, Vaughn, C.Expressed emotion in families. Its significance for mental illness. New York: The Guilford Press; 1985.Google Scholar
Lefley, HP. Ageing parents as care givers of mentally ill adult children: An emerging social problem. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1987;38: 1063–70.Google Scholar
Lukoff, D, Nuechterlein, KH, Ventura, J.Appendix A: manual for the expanded brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Schizophr Bull 1986; 12:594–602.Google Scholar
Madanes, C. Strategic family therapy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1981.Google Scholar
Magliano, L, Fadden, G, Madianos, M, Caldas de almeida, JM, Held, T, Guarneri, M, et al. Burden on the families of patients with schizophrenia: results of the BIOMED I study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998;33:405–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maurin, JT, Boyd, CB.Burden of mental illness on the family: a critical review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 1990;4:99–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minuchin, S. Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1974.Google Scholar
Najman, JM, Behrens, BC, Andersen, M, Bor, W, O’Callaghan, M, Williams, GM. Impact of family type and family quality on child behavior problems: a longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(10):1357–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nugter, A, Dingemans, P, Van Der Does JW, Linszen, D, Gersons, B.Family treatment, expressed emotion and relapse in recent onset schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1997;72:23–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olin, GV, Fenell, DL.The relationship between depression and marital adjustment in a general population. Fam Ther 1989;16(1):11–20.Google Scholar
Platt, S. Measuring the burden of psychiatric illness on the family: an evaluation of some rating scales. Psychol Med 1985;15:382–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salleh, MR. The burden of care of schizophrenia in Malay families. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994;89:180–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanger, MS, MacLean, WE, Van Slyke, DA. Relation between maternal characteristics and child behavior ratings: implications for interpreting behavior checklists. Clin Pediatr Phila 1992;31(8):461–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selvini, M, Boscolo, L, Cecchin, G, Prata, G.Paradosso e contraparadosso. Milán: Feltrinelli; 1974.Google Scholar
Singer, MT, Wynne, LC.Thought disorder and family relations of schizophrenics: III. Methodology using projective techniques. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:187–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smolen, RC, Spiegel, DA, Khan, SA, Schwartz, JF.Examination of marital adjustment and marital assertion in depressed and nondepressed women. J Soc Clin Psychol 1988;7(4):284–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanier, GB. Measuring dyadic adjustment. New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. J Marriage Fam 1976;2: 15–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanier, GB. Manual for the dyadic adjustment scale. Canada: Multi-health Systems, Inc; 1989.Google Scholar
Spanier, GB, Thompson, L.A confirmatory analysis of the dyadic adjustment scale. J Marriage Fam 1982;August:731–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoneman, Z, Brody, GH, Burke, M.Marital quality, depression and inconsistent parenting: Relationship with observed mother-child conflict. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1989;59(1):105–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stravynski, A, Tremblay, M, Verreault, R.Marital adjustment and depression. Psychopathology 1995;28(2):112–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tomaras, V, Mavreas, V, Economou, M, Ioannovich, E, Karydi, V, Stefanis, C.The effect of family intervention on chronic schizophrenics under individual psychosocial treatment: a 3-year study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2000;35(11):487–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velligan, D, Christensen, A, Goldstein, M, Margolin, G.Parental communication deviance: its relationship to parent, child, and family system variables. Psychiatry Res 1988;26:313–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, JG, Manion, IG, Cloutier, PF, Johnson, SM.Measuring marital distress in couples with chronically ill children: the dyadic adjustment scale. J Pediatr Psychol 1992;17(3):345–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wynne, LC, Singer, MT.Thought disorder and family relations of schizophrenics: IV. Results and implications. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:201–12.Google Scholar
Zung, WWK. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics 1971;12(6):371–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.