The psychotherapeutic education of psychiatric residents remains a poorly studied area. Until now, there have been a few mainly theoretical or local researches, mainly rooted in a psychoanalytical descriptive framework, and many normative guidelines. One could almost believe that psychiatrists are spending very little time considering their own social determinations. So we did a large scale study in 2006, among Belgian and Dutch residents. This allows us to present a few first results: notably the difference in orientation according to some demographic variables (a.o. religious background and language) and major dissimilarities concerning referential authors for Dutch, Flemish and Walloon residents. These objective points corroborate the idea that psychiatry is not (yet) an homogeneous field in Europe, but is subject to considerable cultural variations.