This paper examines the psychological processes of primary school pupils in their learning phase of language. Built on two extended therapies of children, it makes the hypothesis that primary agony (fear of abandonment, fear of destruction) can explain behaviour disorders at this stage of child development. It is demonstrated that children’s specific understanding of the world is possible through the use of letters’ forms and sounds, which might lead to an understanding of the meaning of words. It shows how some narcissistic disorders might appear, due to a change in the sense of being of children through their new capacity to read. It analyses the treatment process through the emotional and cognitive thoughts of these two children. This research finally concludes that children’s psychic transformations are related to primary links within the family organization. Finally, seen as a moment of crisis, the reading learning process requires a family-and-child care. It suggests a rehabilitation of the psychoanalytic theory of empathy as a way to organise the excitement and allows access to culture.