To study the characteristics of medical and rehabilitation care for patients with opioid dependence we have investigated 50 patients. All patients on long-term use of opioids were divided into 2 groups. The duration of drug abuse in group 1 ranged from 4 months up to 5 years. In the second group, the duration of dependence was more than 5 years. Patients in the second group of somatic-neurological symptoms were having somatic disorders and organic brain damage. Systematic observation in drug treatment clinics at the place of and maintenance treatment of at least one year was achieved in 8.48% of patients of group 1 and 3.85% of the second group. Consequently, the role of the therapeutic factor in trying to achieve regression syndrome pathological attraction in early stages of the disease, we recognize more productive. Patients of the second group with a large weighting of disease duration was noted clinical abstinence syndrome both by somatic and neurological disorders, as well as by more severe anxiety, dysphoric disorders. These disorders require the inclusion in the scheme of treatment techniques aimed at more effective detoxification and immune reactivity of the organism. Patients of the second group was added to the treatment nootropics and immunomodulators. Analysis of the results of treatment in patients with drug addiction with different disease duration showed significant differences in the effectiveness. In the second group with a duration of more than 5 years of addiction, it is advisable to the treatment nootropics, immunomodulators.