Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-s9k8s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-07T16:19:38.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX)—WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) CROPPING SYSTEM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2016

V. KARUNAKARAN  and
U. K. BEHERA
V. KARUNAKARAN
Affiliation:
Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110 012, India
U. K. BEHERA*
Affiliation:
Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110 012, India
*
†Corresponding author. Email: ukb2008@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Continuous rice–wheat (RW) cropping in an area of 13.5 million ha with intensive tillage has resulted in over exploitation of resources, decline of the factor productivity, loss of soil fertility and biodiversity and decline of resource use efficiency in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGPs) of South Asia. This has led to unsustainability of agriculture in the region. Replacement of a cereal-cereal system with a legume–cereal system may prove beneficial for long-term sustainability of the system. A field experiment was conducted with soybean–wheat (SW) rotation in the IGP of India during 2009–10 and 2010–11 to assess the suitability of conservation tillage versus conventional tillage (CT) and crop-establishment techniques, namely bed (B) planting versus flat (F) planting. The study revealed that the zero tillage (ZT) for soybean during rainy and for wheat during winter season either in flat or in bed system performed equally good with CT. The maximum system productivity (7.06 t ha−1 in 2009–10 and 8.48 t ha−1 in 2010–11) was obtained with combined application of wheat + soybean residue. The maximum net returns of ₹46.98 and ₹65.08 thousands and B:C ratio of 2.35 and 3.08 were recorded in the SW system with zero tillage-flat (ZT─F) during 2009–10 and 2010–11, respectively. The minimum energy of 64.67 and 63.01 ×103 MJ ha−1 was utilized as input energy with zero tillage-bed (ZT─B) while the maximum energy use efficiency of 4.10 and 5.14 was obtained with ZT─F and ZT─B for the SW system during 2009–10 and 2010–11 respectively. The gross output energy was maximum with wheat + soybean residue (241.6 and 265.7 ×103 MJ ha−1) contrary to this the net energy (194.4 and 213.4 ×103 MJ ha−1) and energy use efficiency (9.03 and 10.96) was maximum with control (no residue) in the SW system. In wheat there was 37.85% improvement in irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) in raised bed planting than flat planting and 28.57% of irrigation water was saved. The study suggested that ZT either bed or flat planting to both the crops can successfully adopted along with application wheat + soybean residue together with full recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to the system for improving productivity, profitability, soil health and sustainability of SW system in the IGPs of South Asia.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , October 2016 , pp. 617 - 634
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aulakh, M. S., Sidhu, B. S., Arora, B. R. and Singh, B. (1985). Contents and uptake of nutrients by pulses and oil seed crops. Indian Journal of Ecology 12 (2):238–242.Google Scholar
Baishaya, A. and Sharma, G. L. (1990). Energy budgeting of rice-wheat cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 35 (1,2):167–177.Google Scholar
Bakht, J., Shafi, M., Jan, M. T. and Shah, Z. (2009). Influence of crop residue management, cropping system and N fertilizer on soil N and C dynamics and sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Soil and Tillage Research 104:233–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behera, U. K. and Sharma, A. R. (2013). Productivity and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different resource conservation techniques and irrigation regimes. Cereal Research Communications 42 (2):1–9.Google Scholar
Behera, U. K., Sharma, A. R. and Pandey, H. N. (2007). Sustaining productivity of wheat–soybean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the Vertisols of central India. Plant and Soil 297:185–199.Google Scholar
Erenstein, O. and Farooq, U. (2009). A survey of factors associated with the adoption of zero tillage wheat in the irrigated plains of south Asia. Experimental Agriculture 45:133–147.Google Scholar
Gupta, R. K., Singh, Y., Ladha, J. K., Singh, B., Singh, J., Singh, G. and Pathak, H. (2007). Yield and phosphorus transformation in a rice-wheat system with crop residue and phosphorous management. Soil Science of Society of America Journal 71:1500–1507.Google Scholar
Herridge, D. F., Peoples, M. B. and Boddey, R. M. (2008). Global inputs of biological nitrogen fixation in agricultural systems. Plant and Soil 311:1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibragimov, N., Evett, S., Esenbekov, Y., Khasanova, F., Karabaev, I., Mirzaev, L. and Lamers, J. (2011). Permanent beds vs. conventional tillage in irrigated arid central Asia. Agronomy Journal 103 (4):1002–1011.Google Scholar
Jain, N., Mishra, J. S., Kewat, M. L. and Jain, V. (2007). Effect of tillage and herbicides on grain yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and weeds. Indian Journal of Agronomy 52 (2):131–134.Google Scholar
Jat, M. L., Srivastava, A., Sharma, S. K., Gupta, R. K., Zaidi, P. H., Rai, H. K. and Srinivasan, G. (2005). Evaluation of maize-wheat cropping system under double-no-till practice in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. In Paper Presented in the 9th Asian Regional Maize Workshop, Beijing, China, September 6–9.Google Scholar
Ladha, J. K., Fischer, K. S., Hossain, M., Hobbs, P. R. and Hardy, B. (2000). Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains. In A Synthesis of NARS-IRRI Partnership Research. Discussion paper 40. IRRI, Losbanos, Philippines.Google Scholar
Mittal, J. P. and Dhawan, K. C. (1988). Research manual on energy requirements in agricultural sector. ICAR, New Delhi. pp. 20–23.Google Scholar
Panesar, B. S. and Bhatngar, A. P. (1994). Energy norms for inputs and outputs of agricultural sector. In Energy Management and Conservation in agricultural Production and Food Processing, 5–16. Ludhiana: USG Publishers and Distributors.Google Scholar
Prasad, R., Shivay, Y. S., Kumar, D. and Sharma, S. N. (2006). Learning by doing exercise in soil fertility (a practical manual for soil fertility), Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. p. 68.Google Scholar
Ram, H. (2006). Micro-environment and productivity of maize-wheat and soybean-wheat sequences in relation to tillage and planting systems. Ph.D Dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University. Ludhiana.Google Scholar
Ram, H., Kler, D. S., Singh, Y. and Kumar, K. (2010). Productivity of maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) system under different tillage and crop establishment practice. Indian Journal of Agronomy 55 (3):185–190.Google Scholar
Sayre, K. D., Limon-Ortega, A. and Govaerts, B. (2005). Experiences with permanent bed planting systems CIMMYT/Mexico. In Evaluation and performance of permanent raised bed cropping systems in Asia, Australia and Mexico. Proceedings of a workshop held in Griffith, Australia. ACIAR Proceedings 121. ACIAR, Griffith, pp. 12–25.Google Scholar
Sekhon, N. K., Hira, G. S., Sidhu, A. S. and Thind, S. S. (2005). Response of soybean to wheat straw mulching in different cropping seasons. Soil Use and Management 21:422–426.Google Scholar
Sharma, A. R., Singh, R. and Dhyani, S. K. (2005). Conservation tillage and mulching for optimizing productivity in maize-wheat cropping system in the outer western Himalaya region – a review. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 33 (1):35–41.Google Scholar
Sharma, R. K., Chhokar, R. S., Vijaya, R., Gathals, M. K. and Kum, A. (2002a). Productivity, economics, energy requirement of rice-wheat system. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Herbicide Resistance Management and Zero Tillage in Rice-Wheat Cropping System, 131–135, March 4–6, Hisar, India: CCS Haryana Agricultural University.Google Scholar
Sharma, S. N., Bohra, J. S., Singh, P. K. and Srivastava, R. K. (2002b). Effect of tillage and mechanization on production potential of rice (Oryza sativa) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system. Indian Journal of Agronomy 47 (3):305–310.Google Scholar
Singh, A., Chhina, G. S. and Kler, D. S. (2004). Effect of planting methods and weed management strategies on yield and yield contributing characters of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning 8:273–275.Google Scholar
Singh, G., Marwaha, T. S. and Kumar, D. (2009). Effect of resource-conserving techniques on soil microbiological parameters under long-term maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop rotation. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 79 (2):94–100.Google Scholar
Singh, M., Gandhi, R. T. and Raheja, P. C. (1960). A critical view of the methods used to determine water requirements of crops and suggestions for planning future irrigation experiments in India. Indian Journal of Agronomy 4:272–285.Google Scholar
Singh, M. K., Pal, S. K., Thakur, R. and Verma, U. N. (1997). Energy input–output relationship of cropping systems. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 67 (6):262–264.Google Scholar
Subba Rao, A., Muneswar, S., Reddy, D. D., Saha, J. K., Manna, M. C. and Singh, M. V. (1998). In Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System to Improve and Sustain the Productivity of Soybean-Wheat Cropping System on Typic Haplusterts. Bulletin No. 2, 78–91. Bhopal: Indian Institute of Soil Science.Google Scholar
Tsuji, H., Yamamoto, H., Matsuo, K. and Usuki, K. (2006). The effect of long-term conservation tillage, crop residues and P fertilizer on soil conditions and responses of summer and winter crops on an Andosol in Japan. Soil and Tillage Research 89:167–176.Google Scholar
Vedprakash, K. S., Ghosh, B. N., Singh, R. D. and Gupta, H. S. (2001). Yield response patterns of soybean and wheat to K application and changes in K status in soil profile after 27 years of cropping in mid-hills of north western Himalayas. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Importance of Potassium in Nutrient Management for Sustainable Crop Production in India. Vol. I, pp. 362–365, Potash Research Institute of India, Gurgaon.Google Scholar