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Physiological and biochemical processes underlying the differential sucrose yield and biomass production in sugarcane varieties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2024

Tamires Da Silva Martins Open the ORCID record for Tamires Da Silva Martins [Opens in a new window] ,
José R. Magalhães Filho Open the ORCID record for José R. Magalhães Filho [Opens in a new window] ,
Larissa Prado Cruz Open the ORCID record for Larissa Prado Cruz [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniela F. S. P. Machado ,
Norma M. Erismann ,
Rose M. A. Gondim-Tomaz Open the ORCID record for Rose M. A. Gondim-Tomaz [Opens in a new window] ,
Paulo E. R. Marchiori Open the ORCID record for Paulo E. R. Marchiori [Opens in a new window] ,
André L. B. O. Silva Open the ORCID record for André L. B. O. Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
Eduardo Caruso Machado Open the ORCID record for Eduardo Caruso Machado [Opens in a new window]  and
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro Open the ORCID record for Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro [Opens in a new window]
Tamires Da Silva Martins
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
José R. Magalhães Filho
Affiliation:
Center for Agricultural Biosystems and Post-Harvest, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Larissa Prado Cruz
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Daniela F. S. P. Machado
Affiliation:
Center for Agricultural Biosystems and Post-Harvest, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Norma M. Erismann
Affiliation:
Center for Agricultural Biosystems and Post-Harvest, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Rose M. A. Gondim-Tomaz
Affiliation:
Center for Plant Genetic Resources, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Paulo E. R. Marchiori
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
André L. B. O. Silva
Affiliation:
Center for Agricultural Biosystems and Post-Harvest, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Eduardo Caruso Machado
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil Center for Agricultural Biosystems and Post-Harvest, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Rafael V. Ribeiro; Email: rvr@unicamp.br
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Summary

Sucrose yield in sugarcane is a complex process regulated by both environmental and endogenous factors. However, the metabolic balance driving vegetative growth and sucrose accumulation remains poorly understood. Herein, we carried out a comprehensive assessment of carbohydrate dynamics throughout the crop cycle in two sugarcane varieties varying in biomass production, evaluating the carbon metabolism in both leaves and stalks. Our data revealed that the decline in photosynthetic rates during sugarcane maturation is associated not only to accumulation of sugars in leaves but also due to stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. We found that metabolic processes in leaves and stalks were intrinsically linked. While IACSP94-2094 had higher stalk sucrose concentration than IACSP95-5000, this latter produced more biomass. Compared to IACSP95-5000, IACSP94-2094 showed higher sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in leaves and stalks, along with lower soluble acid invertase (SAI) activity in leaves during the maximum growth stage. Interestingly, IACSP94-2094 also exhibited higher stalk SPS activity and lower stalk SAI activity than IACSP95-5000 during maturation. High biomass production by IACSP95-5000 was associated with higher sucrose synthase (SuSy) and SAI activity in leaves and higher SuSy and soluble neutral invertase (SNI) activity in stalks when compared to IACSP94-2094 during the maximum growth. Despite the contrasting strategies, both varieties displayed similar total sucrose yield, a balance between sucrose concentration and biomass production. This phenomenon implies the presence of a compensatory mechanism in sugarcane, with high biomass production compensating low sucrose accumulation and vice versa.

Keywords

enzymesmetabolismSaccharum spp.sugarsource–sink regulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 60 , 2024 , e13
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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