Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-lvtdw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-15T13:27:27.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

All fired up: the growth of fire insurance in Sweden, 1830–19501

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2010

Magnus Lindmark
Affiliation:
Umeå Universitymagnus.lindmark@ekhist.umu.se and larsfredrik.andersson@ekhist.umu.se
Lars Fredrik Andersson
Affiliation:
Umeå Universitymagnus.lindmark@ekhist.umu.se and larsfredrik.andersson@ekhist.umu.se

Abstract

In this article we investigate supply and demand factors that have been put forward to explain the growth of fire insurance markets in Sweden during the financial revolution. We show that income growth and urbanisation fostered the demand for fire insurance. The supply of fire insurance, on the other hand, helps explain financial market development. Fire insurance assisted in mortgaging fixed assets, such as houses, through guaranteeing them as collateral. On both the supply side and the demand side, fire insurance was a key factor of the financial revolution in Sweden.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © European Association for Banking and Financial History e.V. 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

2 Sylla, R., ‘Financial systems and economic modernization’, Journal of Economic History, 62 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rousseau, P. L. and Sylla, R., ‘Financial revolutions and economic growth: introducing this EEH Symposium’, Explorations in Economic History, 43 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 Ögren, A., Financial Revolution and Economic Modernization in Sweden, SSE/EFI Paper Series in Economics and Finance no. 650 (Stockholm, 2008)Google Scholar.

4 Ögren, A., ‘Free or central banking? Liquidity and financial deepening in Sweden, 1834–1913’, Explorations in Economic History, 43 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Smith, B. D. P. and Stutzer, M. J., ‘A theory of mutual formation and moral hazard with evidence from the history of the insurance industry’, Review of Financial Studies, 8 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Adams, M. B., and Zou, H., An Introduction to the Chinese Insurance Market: The Dangers and Prizes (Goring-on-Thames, 2004)Google Scholar.

7 Ward, D. and Zurbruegg, R., ‘Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from OECD countries’, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 67 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kugler, M., and Ofoghi, R., ‘Does insurance promote economic growth? Evidence from the UK’, working paper, Division of Economics, University of Southampton, 2005Google Scholar.

8 King, R. G. and Levine, R., ‘Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (1993)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Hussels, S., Ward, D. and Zurbruegg, R., ‘Stimulating the demand for insurance’, Risk Management and Insurance Review, 8 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

10 Pearson, R., Insuring the Industrial Revolution: Fire Insurance in Great Britain, 1700–1850 (Aldershot and Burlington, 2004), pp. 43–9Google Scholar.

11 Adams, M. B., Andersson, J., Andersson, L. F. and Lindmark, M., ‘Commercial banking, insurance, and economic growth in Sweden between 1830 and 1998’, Accounting, Business & Financial History, forthcoming 19 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 Lindmark, M., Andersson, L. F. and Adams, M. B., ‘The evolution and development of the Swedish insurance market’, Accounting, Business and Financial History, 16 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Bergander, B., Försäkringsväsendet i Sverige 1814–1914 (Lund, 1967), pp. 1720Google Scholar.

14 Hägg, P. G. T., ‘The institutional analysis of insurance regulation: the case of Sweden’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Lund, 1998Google Scholar.

15 Bergander, Försäkringsväsendet i Sverige 1814–1914, pp. 68, 112.

16 Mayers, D. and Smith, C. W., ‘On the corporate demand for insurance: evidence from the reinsurance market’, Journal of Business, 63 (1990)Google Scholar provides a theoretical justification for this.

17 Pearson, R., ‘Mutuality tested: the rise and fall of mutual insurance offices in eighteenth-century London’, Business History, 44 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

18 Costa, D. L., ‘Estimating real income in the United States from 1888 to 1994: correcting CPI bias using Engel curves’, Journal of Political Economy, 109 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hamilton, B. W., ‘Using Engel's law to estimate CPI bias’, American Economic Review, 91 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

19 Thomasson, M., ‘From sickness to health: the twentieth-century development of US health insurance’, Explorations in Economic History, 39 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

20 Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Socialstyrelsen, Levnadskostnaderna i Sverige 1913–1914 (Stockholm, 1919)Google Scholar; Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Socialstyrelsen, Levnadskostnaderna på landsbygden i Sverige vid år 1920 (Stockholm, 1923)Google Scholar; Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Socialstyrelsen, Levnadskostnaderna i städer och industriorter omkring år 1923 (Stockholm, 1923)Google Scholar; Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Socialstyrelsen, Levnadskostnaderna i tätortshushåll år 1948 (Stockholm, 1929)Google Scholar; Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Stockholm 1953; Sveriges Officiella Statistik, Socialstyrelsen, Levnadskostnaderna på landsbygden år 1951 (Stockholm, 1955)Google Scholar.

21 Krantz, O. and Schön, L., Swedish Historical National Accounts 1800–2000 (Lund, 2007)Google Scholar.

22 Schön, L., ‘Historiska nationalräkenskaper för Sverige: Utrikeshandel’, unpublished mimeo, University of Lund, 1984Google Scholar.

23 Johansson, Ö., The Gross Domestic Product of Sweden and Its Composition 1861–1955 (Stockholm, 1967)Google Scholar.

24 Bergander, B., Försäkringsväsendet i Sverige 1814–1914 (Lund, 1967)Google Scholar.

25 Almquist, J. A., Stockholms Stads Brandförsäkringskontor 1746–1921 (Stockholm, 1921)Google Scholar.

26 SOS Enskilda Försäkringsanstalter, 1912–50 (Stockholm, 1912).

27 Pearson, R., ‘Towards an historical model of services innovation: the case of the insurance industry 1700–1914’, Economic History Review, 50 (1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

28 Thomasson, ‘From sickness to health’.

29 Kenely, M., ‘The origin of formal collusion in Australian fire insurance 1870–1920’, Australian Economic History Review, 42 (2002)Google Scholar.

30 Supple, B., ‘Corporate growth and structural change in a service industry: insurance 1870–1914’, in Supple, B. (ed.), Essays in British Business History (Oxford, 1977)Google Scholar.

31 The reduction of risk may, however, translate into a lower value-at-risk. Value-at-risk is measured as the ratio between premiums and sums insured. An examination of value-at-risk in fire insurance did not suggest any trend growth in the period 1830–1920. Thus, value-at-risk cannot explain increased demand.

32 Hallendorff, C., Svenska brandtarifföreningen 1873–1923 (Stockholm, 1923), p. 66Google Scholar.

33 Baranoff, D., ‘A policy of cooperation: the cartelisation of American fire insurance, 1873–1906’, Financial History Review, 10 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

34 C. Hallendorff, Svenska brandtarifföreningen 1873–1923, pp. 12ff. The towns of Sundsvall, Umeå and Holmsund were devastated by fire on 25 June.

35 Bergander, Försäkringsväsendet i Sverige, pp. 97–8.

36 Jörberg, L., Growth and Fluctuations of Swedish Industry 1869–1912: Studies in the Process of Industrialisation (Stockholm, 1961), p. 13Google Scholar.

37 Ibid., pp. 362–3.

38 Rostow, W. W., The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge, 1960), pp. 38 and 68Google Scholar.

39 Heckscher, E. F., Industrialismen: den ekonomiska utvecklingen sedan 1750 (Stockholm 1957), p. 266Google Scholar.

40 Schön, L., En modern svensk ekonomisk historia: tillväxt och omvandling under två sekel (Stockholm, 2007), p. 137Google Scholar.

41 Ibid., p. 223.

42 Andersson, L. F. and Lindmark, M., ‘Is structural change speeding up? The case of Sweden 1850–2000’, Scandinavian Economic History Review, 56 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.