Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T00:54:17.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The genetic component in coronary heart disease – a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

Forbes W. Robertson
Forbes W. Robertson
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, University of Aberdeen, 2 Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB9 2TN

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The importance of atherosclerosis in public health has generated a vast literature relating to epidemiology of the disease, clinical descriptions of symptoms and records of variation of serum concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride or lipo-protein fractions in normal or affected persons. Such evidence has led to a number of hypotheses as to the origins of the disease, and although rival theories may be espoused with fervour or may fluctuate in popularity, a familial predisposition to coronary disease is a recurring theme. In this brief review, which does not aim to be exhaustive and is not concerned with hypertension, we shall focus attention on the more important aspects and attempt to set the conflicting evidence in perspective.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , February 1981 , pp. 1 - 16
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

References

REFERENCES

Adlersberg, D., Schaeffer, L. E. & Steinberg, A. G. (1957). Studies on genetic and environmental control of serum cholesterol level. (Abst.) Circulation 16, 487–488.Google Scholar
Albers, J. J., Adolphson, J. L. & Hazzard, W. R. (1977). Radioimmunoassay of human plasma Lp(a) lipoprotein. Journal of Lipid Research 18, 331–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albers, J. J., Cabana, V. G. & Hazzard, W. R., (1975). Immunoassay of human plasma apolipoprotein B. Metabolism 24, 1339–1351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allison, A. C. & Blumberg, B. S. (1961). An iso-precipitation reaction distinguishing human serum protein types. Lancet 1, 634–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aro, A. (1973). Serum lipids and lipoproteins in first degree relatives of young survivors of myocardial infarction. Acta Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum 553, pp. 1–103.Google ScholarPubMed
Benditt, E. P. & Benditt, J. M. (1973). Evidence for a monoclonal origin of human Atherosclerotic plaques. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 70 (6), 1753–1756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, K. (1963). A new serum type system in man - the Lp system. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 59, 369–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berg, K., Dahlen, G. & Frick, M. H. (1974). Lp(a) lipoprotein and pre-B1 lipoprotein in patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Clinical Genetics 6, 230–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg, K., Hames, C., Dahlen, G., Frick, M. H. & Krishan, I. (1976). Genetic variation in serum low density lipoproteins and lipid levels in man. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 73, 937–940.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breslow, J. L., Spaulding, D. R., Lux, S. F., Levy, R. I. & Lees, R. S. (1975). Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A possible Biochemical Explanation of Clinical Heterogeneity. New England Journal of Medicine 293, 900–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, M. S. & Goldstein, J. L. (1976). Receptor-mediated control of cholesterol metabolism. Science 191, 150–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunner, D., Altman, S., Posner, L., Bearman, J. E., Loebl, K. & Lewin, S. (1971) Heredity, Environment, Serum lipoproteins and serum uric acid. A study in a community without familial eating pattern. Journal of Chronic Diseases 23, 763–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns-Cox, C. J., Chong, Y. H. & Gillman, R. (1972). Risk factors and the absence of coronary heart disease in Aborigines in West Malaysia. British Heart Journal 34 (9), 953–958CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carmelli, D., Karlin, S. & Williams, R. R. (1971). A class of indices to assess major-gene versus polygenic inheritance of distributive variables. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 32, 259–270.Google Scholar
Clarkson, T. B., Lofland, H. B., Bullock, B. C. & Goodman, H. O. (1971). Genetic control of Plasma Cholesterol: Studies on Squirrel Monkeys. Archives of Pathology 92, 37–45.Google ScholarPubMed
Elston, R. C., Namboodiri, K. K., Glueck, C. J., Fallat, R., Tsang, R. & Leuba, V. (1975). Study of genetic transmission of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceride in a 195 member kindred. Annals of Human Genetics 39, 67–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, W. F., Holmes, R. H. & Beyer, J. (1953). Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. Journal of the American Medical Association 152, 1090–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falconer, D. S. (1965). The inheritance of liability to certain diseases, estimated from the incidence among relatives. Annals of Human Genetics 29, 51–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinleib, M. (1976). Twin studies. In: Genetic Factors in Atherosclerotic Disease. Report from the National Heart and Lung Institute. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Publ. No. (NIH) 76–922, Washington.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, D. S., Goldstein, J. L. & Brown, M. S. (1978). Familial hyperlipoproteinemia. In Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 4th edn (ed. Stanbury, J. B., Wyn-gaarden, J. B. and Fredrickson, D. S.), p. 604. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, D. S., Levy, R. I. & Lees, R. S. (1967). Fat transport in lipoproteins - an integrated approach to mechanisms and disorders. New England Journal of Medicine 276, 34–44; 94–103; 148–156; 215–226; 273–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gedda, L. & Poggi, D. (1960). Sulla regolazione genetica del colesterolo ematico. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae. 9, 135–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glueck, C. J., Fallat, R. W., Buncher, C. R., Tsang, R. & Steiner, P. (1973). Familial combined Hyperlipoproteinemia: Studies in 91 adults and 95 children from 33 kindreds. Metabolism 22 (11), 1403–1427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glueck, C. J., Fallat, R. W., Millett, F., Gartside, P., Elston, R. C. & Go, R. C. P. (1975). Familial Hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia: Studies in Eighteen Kindreds. Metabolism 24 (11), 1243–2165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, J. L., Anderson, R. G. W. & Brown, M. S. (1979). Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature 279, 679–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, J. L. & Brown, M. S. (1973). Familial hypercholesterolemia: Identification of defect in the regulation of 3- hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity associated with overproduction of cholesterol. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 70, 2804–2808.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J. L., Hazzard, W. R., Schrott, H. G., Bierman, E. L. & Motulsky, A. G. (1973 a). Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease. I. Lipid levels in 500 survivors of myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52, 1533–1543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, J. L., Schrott, H. G., Hazzard, W. R., Bierman, E. L. & Motulsky, A. G. (1973 b). Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease. II. Genetic analysis of lipid levels in 176 families and delineation of a new inherited disorder combined hyperlipidemia. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52, 1544–1568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, T., Castelli, W. P., Hjortland, M. C., Kannel, W. B. & Dawber, T. R. (1977). High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. American Journal of Medicine 62, 707–714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvald, B. & Hauge, M. (1970). Coronary occkision in twins. Acta Genetica Medico. (Roma) 19, 248–250.Google ScholarPubMed
Hazzard, W. B., Goldstein, J. L., Schrott, H. G., Motulsky, A. G. & Bierman, E. L. (1973). Hyperlipidemia in Coronary Heart Disease. III. Evaluation of lipoprotein pheno-types of 156 genetically defined survivors of myocardial infarction. Journal of Clinical Investigation 52, 1569–1577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heiberg, A. (1974). The heritability of serum lipoprotein and lipid concentrations. A twin study. Clinical Genetics 6, 307–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heiberg, A. & Berg, K. (1976). The inheritance of hyperlipoproteinemia with xanthomatosis. A study of 132 kindreds. Clinical Genetics 9, 203–233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, M. J. P., Lecamwasam, D. S. & Galton, D. J. (1975). A new type of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 737–740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karlin, S. (1979). Approaches in modelling mode of inheritance with distributed traits. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 32, 229–270.Google ScholarPubMed
Keys, A. (1971). The diet and etiology of coronary heart disease. In: Coronary Heart Disease (ed. Russek, H. I. and Zehma, B. L.), pp. 59–75. Philadelphia: J. P. Lippincott.Google ScholarPubMed
Kwiterovich, P. O., Bachorik, P. S. & Chatterjee, S. (1979). Effects of generic mechanisms on plasma lipoprotein metabolism and the pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 32, 65–112.Google Scholar
Lewis, B., Chait, A., Sigurdsson, G., Mancini, M., Farinaro, E., Oriente, P., Carlson, L. A., Ericsson, M., Micheli, H. & Pometta, D. (1978). Serum lipoproteins in four European communities: a quantitative comparison. European Journal of Clinical Investigations 8, 165–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, A. O., Kurczynski, T. W. & Steinberg, A. G. (1973). Familial studies of medical and anthropopometric variables in a human isolate. American Journal of Human Genetics 25, 581–593.Google Scholar
Mayo, O., Frazer, G. R. & Stamatoyannopoulos, G. (1969). Genetic influences in serum cholesterol in two Greek villages. Human Heredity 19, 86–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, K. (1962). Serum cholesterol and heredity. A twin study. Acta Medica Scandinavia 172, 401–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, G. J. & Miller, N. E. (1975). Plasma-high-density lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1, 16–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moll, P. P., Powsner, R. & Sing, C. F. (1979). Analysis of genetic and environmental sources of variation in serum cholesterol in Tecumseh, Michigan. V. Variance components estimated from pedigrees. Annals of Human Genetics 42, 343–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morton, N. E. & Rao, D. C. (1979). Casual analysis of family resemblance. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 32, 431–452.Google Scholar
Murphy, E. A. & Kwiterovich, P. O. (1977). Genetics of the hyperlipoproteinemias. In Hyperlipidermia, Diagnosis and Therapy (ed. Rifkind, B. M. and Levy, R. I.), pp. 217–248. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Nora, J. J., Lortscher, R. H., Spangler, R. D., Nora, A. H. & Kimberling, W. J. (1980). Genetic-Epidemiologic study of early-onset of Ischaemic Heart Disease. Circulation 16 (3), 503–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborne, R. H., Aldersberg, D., Degeorge, F. W. & Wang, C. (1959). Serum lipids, heredity and environment. A study of adult twins. American Journal of Medicine 26, 54–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pesonen, E., Norio, R. & Sarna, S. (1975). Thickenings in the Coronary Arteries in Infancy as an Indication of Genetic Factors in Coronary Heart Disease. Journal of Medical Genetics 3, 239–257.Google Scholar
Pikkarainen, J., Takkunen, J. & Kulonen, E. (1966). Serum cholesterol in Finnish Twins. American Journal of Human Genetica 18 (2), 115–126.Google ScholarPubMed
Rissanen, A. M. & Nikkila, E. A. (1977). Coronary artery disease and its risk factors in families of young men with angina pectoris and in controls. British Heart Journal 39, 875–883.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, F. W. & Cumming, A. M. (1979). Genetic and environmental variation in serum lipoproteins in relation to coronary heart disease. Journal of Medical Genetics 16 (2), 85–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, F. W., Cumming, A. M., Douglas, A. S., Smith, E. B. & Kenmure, A. C. E. (1980). Coronary Heart Disease in North-East Scotland: A Study of genetic and environmental variation in serum lipoproteins and other variables. Scottish Medical Journal 25, 212–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, R. & Glomset, J. (1976). The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 295, 420–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaeffer, L. E., Aldersberg, C. & Steinberg, A. G. (1958). Heredity, environment and serum cholesterol. A study of 201 healthy families. Circulation 17, 537–542.Google Scholar
Sing, C. F. & Skolnick, M. (ed.) (1979). Genetic analysis of common diseases: application to predictive factors in coronary disease. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, vol. 32.Google Scholar
Sistonen, P. & Ehnholm, C. (1980). On the heritability of serum high density lipoprotein in twins. American Journal of Human Genetics 32, 1–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Slack, J. (1974). Genetic differences in liability to Atherosclerotic Heart Disease. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, London 8 (2), 115–126.Google ScholarPubMed
Slack, J. (1975). The genetic contribution to coronary heart disease through lipoprotein concentrations. Postgraduate Medical Journal 51 (8), 27–32.Google Scholar
Slack, J. & Evans, K. A. (1966). The increased risk of death from Ischaemic Heart Disease in first degree relatives of 121 men and 96 women with ischaemic heart disease. Journal of Medical Genetics 3, 239–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, C. (1976). Statistical resolution of genetic heterogeneity in familial disease. Annals of Human Genetics 39, 281–291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taggart, H. & Stout, R. W. (1979). (Abst.) Risk factors in Stroke. V. International Symposium on Atherosclerosis, Houston, Texas. No. 493.Google Scholar
Thordarson, O. & Fridriksson, S. (1979). Aggregation of Deaths from Ischaemic Heart Disease among first and second degree relatives of 108 males and 42 females with myo-cardial infarction. Acta Medica Scandinavica 205, 493–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobias, P. V. (1966). In The Biology of Human Adaptability (ed. Baker, P. T. and Weiner, J. S.), p. 190. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Uttermann, G., Pruin, N. & Steinmetz, A. (1978). Polymorphism of Apolipoprotein E. III Effect of a single polymorphism gene locus on plasma lipid levels in man. Clinical Genetics 15, 63–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vlodaver, Z., Kahn, H. A. & Neufeld, H. N. (1969). The Coronary arteries in early life in three different ethnic groups. Circulation 39, 541–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weibust, R. S. (1973). Inheritance of plasma cholesterol levels in mice. Genetics 73, 303–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, R., Avet, L. M. & Gardner, M. J. (1976). Estimates of the heritability of serum lipoprotoin and lipid concentrations. Clinical Genetics 9, 588–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zannis, V. I. & Breslow, J. L. (1980). Characterization of Unique Human Apolipoprotein E Variant Associated with Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 255 (5), 1759–1762.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed