Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-cnmwb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T06:18:22.628Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gonosome-autosome translocations in fowl: the development of chromosomally unbalanced embryos sired by singly and doubly heterozygous cockerels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

W. F. Blazak  and
N. S. Fechheimer
W. F. Blazak
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.
N. S. Fechheimer
Affiliation:
Department of Dairy Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Cockerels singly or doubly heterozygous (t1/ +, t2/ + and tl/t2, respectively; collectively heterokaryotypic, HTK) for two different Z-autosome translocations (t1, t2) produce an array of chromosomally balanced and unbalanced spermatozoa owing to adjacent segregation and nondisjunction at the first meiotic division. This study addresses the developmental capacity of embryos derived from matings of control ( + / + ) and HTK (tl/ +, t2/ +, tl/t2) cockerels with hens bearing normal chromosome complements (+ /W).

Estimates of the hatchability of fertile eggs sired by + / +, tl/ +, t2/ + and tl/t2 cockerels were 82·8%, 43·0%, 41·3% and 10·9%, respectively. Approximately 75% of the mortality observed in embryos sired by HTK cockerels occurred by four days of incubation. Developmental arrest generally occurred earlier in embryos sired by t2/+ and tl/t2 cockerels than in those by tl/ + cockerels. These differences reflect variation in the degree of embryonic chromosome unbalance expected among embryos of the different sire groups. The pattern of mortality after three days was similar in embryos sired by HTK cockerels. In control embryos, mortality was highest on days 20–21 of incubation.

Chromosome analysis of 16/18 h embryos, day 1/5 embryos and hatched chicks sired by HTK cockerels revealed that most, if not all, chromosomally unbalanced embryos died during development; the majority before three days of incubation. Partial monosomy for chromosome one was found to be more deleterious to embryonic development than partial trisomy.

Type
Research Article
Information
Genetics Research , Volume 37 , Issue 2 , April 1981 , pp. 161 - 171
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1981

References

REFERENCES

Blazak, W. F. & Fechheimer, N. S. (1979 a). Gonosome–autosome translocations in the domestic fowl: their effect upon male fertility and semen characteristics. Biology of Reproduction 21, 575–582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blazak, W. F. & Fechheimer, N. S. (1979 b). Gonosome–autosome translocations in fowl: chromosome complements of gametes and viability of embryos derived from singly and doubly heterozygous cockerels. Journal of Heredity 70, 407–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloom, S. E., Shalit, P. & Bacon, L. D. (1978). Chromosomal localization of nucleolus organizers in the chicken. Genetics 88 (Suppl.), s13.Google Scholar
Bloom, S. E. & Buss, E. G. (1968). Effect of age and kind of tissue on mitotic activity in chicken embryos. Poultry Science 47, 837–839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boué, J., Boué, A. & Lazar, P. (1975). The epidemiology of human spontaneous arortions with chromosomal anomalies. In Aging Gametes (ed. Blandau, R. J.), pp. 330–348. Basel: S. Karger.Google Scholar
Cock, A. G. (1964). Dosage compensation and sex chromatin in non-mammals. Genetical Research 5, 354–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comings, D. E. (1972). Heavy shoulder DNA. Experimental Cell Research 70, 259–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comings, D. E. & Mattoccia, E. (1972 a). DNA of mammalian and avian heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 71, 113–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comings, D. E. & Mattoccia, E. (1972 b). Evidence that heavy shoulder DNA may be localized to the microchromosomes of birds. Experimental Cell Research 70, 256–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinkel, B. J., O'Laughlin-Phillips, E. A., Fechheimer, N. S. & Jaap, R. G. (1979). Gametic products transmitted by chickens heterozygous for chromosomal rearrangements. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 23, 124–136.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, K. & Coleman, J. R. (1973). Isolation of chicken satellite DNAs. Jouinal of Cell Biology 59, 88a.Google Scholar
Epplen, J. T., Leipoldt, M., Engel, W. & Schmidtke, J. (1978). DNA sequence organisation in avian genomes. Chromosoma 69, 307–321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fechheimer, N. S., Lodge, J. R. & Miller, R. C. (1970). Sex proportion of domestic chicken at 16 hours of incubation. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, 365–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, C. E. (1975). The time in development at which gross genome unbalance is expressed. In The Early Development of Mammals (ed. Balls, M. and Wild, A. E.), pp. 285–304. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ford, C. E. & Clegg, H. M. (1969). Reciprocal translocations. British Medical Bulletin 25, 110–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gropp, A., Giers, D. & Kolbus, U. (1974). Trisomy in the fetal backcross progeny of male and female metacentric heterozygotes of the mouse. I. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 13, 511–535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gropp, A., Kolbus, U. & Giers, D. (1975). Systematic approach to the study of trisomy in the mouse. II. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 14, 42–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamburger, V. & Hamilton, H. L. (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. Journal of Morphology 88, 49–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamerton, J. L. (1971). Human Cytogenetics, vol. II, Clinical Cytogenetics. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Herzog, A. H., Höhn, H. & Rieck, G. W. (1977). Survey of recent situation of chromosome pathology in different breeds of German cattle. Annales de Genetique et de Sélection Animale 9, 471–492.Google ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, M. H. (1976). The incidence of chromosomally unbalanced gametes in T(14; 15)Ca heterozygote mice. Genetical Research 27, 77–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshimura, M. & Takagi, N. (1975). Meiotic disjunction in T(14; 15)6 Ca heterozygotes and the fate of chromosomally unbalanced gametes in embryonic development. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 15, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takagi, N. & Sasaki, M. (1974). A phylogenetic study of bird karyotypes. Chromosoma 46, 91–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Telloni, R. V., Jaap, R. G. & Fechheimer, N. S. (1977). Fertility, embryo viarility and hatcharility of chickens having 23% of the Z translocated to a micro-chromosome Poultry Science 56, 193–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, B. J., Tjio, J.-H., Van de Water, L. C. & Crandall, C. (1972). Trisomy for the smallest autosome of the mouse and identification of the T1Wh translocation chromosome. Cytogenetics 11, 363–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, B. J., Tjio, J.-H., Van de Water, L. C. & Crandall, C. (1974 a). Trisomy 19 in the laroratory mouse. I. Frequency in different crosses at specific developmental stages and relationship of trisomy to cleft palate. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 13, 217–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, B. J., Tjio, J.-H., Van de Water, L. C. & Crandall, C. (1974 b). Trisomy 19 in the laroratory mouse. II. Intrauterine growth and histological studies of trisomics and their normal littermates. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 13, 232–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wooster, W. E., Fechheimer, N. S. & Jaap, R. G. (1977). Structural rearrangements of chromosomes in the domestic chicken: experimental production by X-irradiation of spermatozoa. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 19, 437–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed