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Timing of fluorite mineralization and exhumation events in the east Central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: constraints from fluorite (U–Th)/He thermochronometry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2021

Behnam Shafiei Bafti Open the ORCID record for Behnam Shafiei Bafti [Opens in a new window] ,
István Dunkl  and
Saeed Madanipour
Behnam Shafiei Bafti*
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan 4913815759, Iran Present address: Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran
István Dunkl
Affiliation:
Geoscience Center, Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
Saeed Madanipour
Affiliation:
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115111, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Behnam Shafiei Bafti, Email: shafieibaftibehnam@uk.ac.ir
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Abstract

The recently developed fluorite (U–Th)/He thermochronology (FHe) technique was applied to date fluorite mineralization and elucidate the exhumation history of the Mazandaran Fluorspar Mining District (MFMD) located in the east Central Alborz Mountains, Iran. A total of 32 fluorite single-crystal samples from four Middle Triassic carbonate-hosted fluorite deposits were dated. The presented FHe ages range between c. 85 Ma (age of fluorite mineralization) and c. 20 Ma (erosional cooling during the exhumation of the Alborz Mountains). The Late Cretaceous FHe ages (i.e. 84.5 ± 3.6, 78.8 ± 4.4 and 72.3 ± 3.5 Ma) are interpreted as the age of mineralization and confirm an epigenetic origin for ore mineralization in the MFMD, likely a result of prolonged hydrothermal circulation of basinal brines through potential source rocks. Most FHe ages scatter around the Eocene Epoch (55.4 ± 3.9 to 33.1 ± 1.7 Ma), recording an important cooling event after heating by regional magmatism in an extensional tectonic regime. Cooling of the heated fluorites, as a result of thermal relaxation in response to geothermal gradient re-equilibration after the end of magmatism, or exhumation cooling during extensional tectonics characterized by lower amount of erosion are most probably the causes of the recorded Eocene FHe cooling ages. Oligocene–Miocene FHe ages (i.e. 27.6 ± 1.4 to 19.5 ± 1.1 Ma) are related to the accelerated uplift of the whole Alborz Mountains, possibly as a result of the initial collision between the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian plates further to the south.

Keywords

Alborz Mountainsfluoritehelium thermochronometrymineralizationexhumation
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 158 , Issue 9 , September 2021 , pp. 1600 - 1616
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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