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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2009
In 1877 and the following year Colonel H. W. Feilden published the results of his scientific investigations on the coasts of Smith Sound and the channel to the north. In 1896 he made contributions to the geology of Kolguev, Waigats, and Novaya Zemlya in two other papers. These are reprinted, together with one previously unpublished, in the appendix to Mr. H. J. Pearson's book, “Beyond Petsora Eastward” (1899). As the earlier work appears to have been forgotten by some writers upon glacial subjects, and the last-named might very easily escape their notice, I urged Colonel Feilden to give a summary of his chief results in some generally accessible periodical. Shortly afterwards, on being unexpectedly called away for service in South Africa, he requested me to undertake the task. For the sake of brevity, I restrict myself mainly to the investigations which throw light on the formation of Boulder-clay and its associated sands and gravels, because these establish two points: (1) that such deposits are sometimes formed beneath the sea; (2) that the land in these Arctic regions has been elevated, in places not less than a thousand feet, since either some time in or the close of the Glacial epoch.
page 289 note 1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv, vol. xx (1877), p. 489Google Scholar; Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv (1878), p. 556Google Scholar. See also Nares' “Voyage to Polar Sea.”
page 289 note 2 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lii (1896), pp. 52, 721Google Scholar.
page 289 note 3 “Beyond Petsora,” pp. 250, 269, 270.
page 290 note 1 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ut suprà, p. 483.
page 290 note 2 In Watercourse Bay, Grinnell Land, lat. 81° 44′ N.
page 290 note 3 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv (1878), p. 556Google Scholar; Nares, ut suprà, p. 327.
page 290 note 4 A number of instances from different parts of Scandinavia are cited by Campbell, J. F.: “Frost and Fire,” vol. i, p. 351Google Scholar.
page 291 note 1 Some peculiarities in their distribution are mentioned, but on these it is needless to dwell.
page 291 note 2 No rock of greater solidity was anywhere seen in situ.
page 291 note 3 One, of a hard yellow sandstone, polished, scored, and striated, measured 15 × 9 × 6 feet.
page 292 note 1 See “Beyond Petsora,” pp. 238, 239, for a note on the composition of the Kolguev deposits.
page 292 note 2 Ut suprà, pp. 279, 280. Silurian and possibly Lower Devonian rocks occur at Cape Greben, at the south end of the island; see E. T. Newton, pp. 287–294.
page 292 note 3 The following specimens were taken from erratics: granite (three varieties), felspathic grit (three varieties), limestone (two varieties, one shown by fossils to be Carboniferous or possibly Devonian in age); fragment of a guard of a belemnite, probably Jurassic; lignite, probably not earlier than Tertiary age.
page 292 note 4 Ut suprà, pp. 270, 271.
page 292 note 5 Ut suprà, pp. 249–254.
page 293 note 1 Ut suprà, pp. 297–310.
page 293 note 2 In the remainder of this summary, the omission of any statement means “rare.”
page 294 note 1 A few samples of the mud of the sea-bed were collected and examined. They were found to correspond generally with the above-named.
page 294 note 2 The interior of Lütke Land at the present day is covered with ice which probably forms a single sheet, “similar to that enveloping Greenland, but on a smaller scale.”—Pearson in “Beyond Petsora,” p. 150.
