Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T08:30:33.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Polarisbreen Series and other evidences of late Pre-Cambrian Ice Ages in Spitsbergen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

C. B. Wilson
Affiliation:
Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.
W. B. Harland
Affiliation:
Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.

Abstract

Details of the Infra-Cambrian Polarisbreen Series are given, arising partly out of observations made since they were defined in outline by the authors in 1956. The Polarisbreen Series includes the distinctive Polarisbreen Tillite Formation, which correlated with the neighbouring Sveanor Formation of Nordaustlandet and with other tillites in Vestspitsbergen. They are regarded as a product of the great infra-Cambrian ice age and are correlated with world-wide tillite horizons of this age.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bayly, M. B., 1953. British Spitsbergen Expedition 1952. Polar Rec., 6, 804–5.Google Scholar
Bayly, M. B., 1957. The Lower Hecla Hoek Rocks of Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Geol. Mag., 94, 377392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birkenmajer, K., 1958. Preliminary report on the Stratigraphy of the Hecla Hoek Formation in Wedel-Jarlsberg Land, Vestspitsbergen. Bull. Acad. polonaise. Sci., Ser. Chim., Geol., Geogr., 6, 143150.Google Scholar
Birkenmajer, K., 1959. Report on the Geological Investigation of the Hornsund area. Vestspitsbergen, in 1958. Part I: The Hecla Hoek Formation. Bull. Acad. polonaise Sci., Ser. Chim., Geol., Geogr., 7, 129136.Google Scholar
Birkenmajer, K., 1960. Geological Sketch of the Hornsund area. Int. geol. Congr. Rep. 21st Session, Norden, 1960. Supplement to Guide for Excursion A 16.Google Scholar
Birkenmajer, K., 1960. Relation of the Cambrian to the Pre-Cambrian in Hornsund, Vestspitsbergen. Int. geol. Congr. Rep. 21st Session, Norden, 1960. Part 8, 6474.Google Scholar
Coleman, A. P., 1926. Ice Ages, Recent and Ancient. Macmillan and Co., New York.Google Scholar
Fleming, W. L. S., and Edmonds, J. M., 1941. The Hoela Hoek rocks of New Friesland (Spitsbergen). Geol. Mag., 78, 405428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FØYN, S., 1937. The Eo-Cambrian series of the Tana district, Northern Norway. Norsk geol. Tidsskr., 17, 65163.Google Scholar
Frebold, H., 1935. Geologie von Spitsbergen, der Bäreninsel, des König Karl- und Franz-Joseph-Landes. Geol. der Erde, Berlin.Google Scholar
Garwood, E. J., and Gregory, J. W., 1898. Contributions to the Glacial Geology of Spitsbergen. Quart. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 54, 197225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gobbett, D. J., and Wilson, C. B., 1960. The Oslobreen Series, Upper Hecla Hoek of Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Geol. Mag., 97, 441457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harland, W. B., 1954. Cambridge Spitsbergen Geological Expedition, 1953. Polar Rec., 7, 151.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B., 1957. Cambridge Survey in central Vestspitsbergen, 1955. Polar Rec., 8, 349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harland, , 1959. The Caledonian Sequence in Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Quart. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 114, 307342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harland, , 1960 a. Cambridge Svalbard Expedition, 1959. Polar Rec., 10, 4044.Google Scholar
Harland, , 1960 b. The Development of Hecla Hoek Rocks in Spitsbergen. Int. geol. Congr., Rep. 21st Session, Norden, 1960. Part 19, 716.Google Scholar
Harland, , (in press). Evidence of Late Pre-Cambrian Glaciation and its Significance. Problems of Palaeoclimatology. Wiley. (See also Report, by A. E. M. Nairn, of N.A.T.O. Palaeoclimates Conference, Newcastle, January, 1963, Nature, 198, 535–6.)Google Scholar
Harland, , and Masson-Smith, D., 1962. Cambridge Survey of Central Vestspitsbergen. Geogr. J., 128, 5870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harland, , and Masson-Smith, D., 1962. Topographical map of Central Vestspitsbergen, 1:125,000. Pub. by R. G. S., Lond.Google Scholar
Harland, , and Wilson, C. B., 1956. The Hecla Hoek Succession in Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen, Geol Mag., 93, 265286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hjelle, A., 1962. Contribution to the geology of the Hecle Hoek Formation in Nordenskiöld Land, Vestspitsbergen. Norsk Polarinst. Årbok, 1961, Oslo, 8395.Google Scholar
Holtedahl, O., 1920. On the Palaeozoic Series of Bear Island especially on the Heclahook System. Norsk geol. Tidsskr., 5, 121148.Google Scholar
Holtedahl, O., (ed.), 1960. Geology of Norway. Norg. geol. Unders., 208, 1540.Google Scholar
Klitin, K. A., 1960. On the tectonics of Spitsbergen. Bull. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. (Geol. Ser.), 10, 62–9.Google Scholar
Kulling, O., 1930. Stratigraphic Studies of the Geology of Northeast Greenland. Medd. Grønland, 74, 317346.Google Scholar
Kulling, O., 1932. Några geologiska resultat frå expeditionen till Nordostlandet, 1931. Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 54, 138146.Google Scholar
Kulling, O., 1934. Scientific results of the Swedish-Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the summer of 1931. Vol. II. Part XI: The “Hecla Hoek Formation” round Hinlopenstredet. Geogr. Ann. Stockh., 16, 161254.Google Scholar
Kulling, O., 1951. Spär av Varangeristiden i Norrbotten. Sverig. geol. Unders. Ser C, No 503, 144.Google Scholar
Lewis, E. L., 1959. North West Spitsbergen Expedition, 1958. Polar Rec., 9, 465.Google Scholar
Major, H., and Winsers, T. S., 1955. Cambrian and Ordovician fosslis from Søkapp Land, Spitsbergen. Skr. Norsk. Polarinst., Nr. 106.Google Scholar
Orvin, A. K., 1940. Outline of the Geological History of Spitsbergen. Skr. Svalb. og Ishavet, Nr. 78.Google Scholar
Sandford, K. S., 1926. The geology of North-East Land (Spitsbergen). Quart. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 82, 615665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandford, K. S., 1950. Observations on the geology of the northern part of North-East Land (Spitsbergen). Quart. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 105, 461–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandford, K. S., 1963. Exposures of Hecla Hoek and younger rocks on the north side of Wahlenbergfjorden, Nordaustlandet (Svalbard). Norsk Polarinst. Årbok, 1962, Oslo, 723.Google Scholar
Wenk, E., 1961. On the crystalline basement and the basal part of the Pre-Cambrain Eleonore Bay Group in the Southwestern part of Scoresby Sund. Medd. Grønland., 168, Nr. 1.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. B., 1957. The Cambridge Spitsbergen Expedition, 1956. Polar Rec., 8, 350.Google Scholar
Wilson, C. B., 1958. The Lower Middle Hecla Hoek Rocks of Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen, Geol. Mag., 95, 305327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, C. B., 1961. The Upper Middle Hecla Hoek Rocks of Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Geol. Mag., 98, 89116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar