Like so many of the islands of the Mediterranean the Balearic group has yielded interesting remains of an extinct Pleistocene fauna. These have been discovered in cave breccias and in fissures of which a brief description may be of interest.

Previous to 1909 the only record of the occurrence of any Pleistocene mammalian remains in the Balearic Islands was, I believe, that of De la Marmora, who mentioned indications of a bone breccia in the hill of Belver, near Palma, where he observed a bone which appeared to be that of a Lagomys or a rabbit. Since then, as the result of three short visits undertaken by the writer, a quantity of ossiferous remains have been obtained from the caves and fissures of Mallorca and Menorca. It may be mentioned that I failed to locate the breccia recorded near Belver.

The group of Membraniporæ, with a small median barred avicularium placed immediately above the oæcium, of which M. Griffithi, Bryd., is a leading instance, contains several Senonian members in addition to the Trimingham forms (M. Triminghamensis, M. anterides, M. humiliata) which I have already described in this Magazine. They seem to arise first in the zone of Micraster cor-anguinum.

Membranipora Simulacrum, sp. nov. (Pl. XXVI, Figs. 1, 2.)

Zoarium unilaminate, always adherent.

Zoæcia large, very slightly subpyriform, areas oval, with average length .5 to .55 mm. and breadth .3 mm.; side walls bent slightly inwards, and so low and slender that at a hasty inspection they might be taken to be mere ghosts of some species with a low arched front wall.

Whilst looking over the private collection of fossil fishes made by the late Dr. R. H. Traquair, I found a small tetrapod femur. This bore no label of any kind, but was included in a series of remains of Dipnoi from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. The texture of the bone is not unlike that of Ctenodus, and was no doubt the reason of its place in the collection.

The very small piece of matrix which is preserved is identical with that of some of the fish from the No. 2 Ironstone, Loanhead, and differs from any other fish-bearing matrix that I know in Britain. [Any one with experience of Carboniferous fishes will recognize that it is usually fairly easy to identify the important localities (the Loanhead ironstones, the various Staffordshire ironstones, etc.) by inspection of the matrix.] Despite the fact that it was not localized, I think that the probability of its being from the Loanhead ironstones is sufficient to justify a description.

The characters of the lateral furrows of the glabella and of the pits which occur in the axial furrows of the head-shield have not had sufficient attention paid to them, and a comparative study of their development in various British species reveals some interesting and important features.

It has heen commonly assumed that lateral furrows are absent in some species, and at any rate the omission of any notice of their occurrence in certain cases is difficult to understand. Frequently, moreover, it has been stated that only two pairs are present, even in those species in which the presence of any lateral furrows has been recognized. The nature of the so-called stalk or neck of the glabella has been also generally misunderstood. Mccoy's division of the genus Trinucleus into two genera, Trinucleus, sens, restr., and Tretaspis, was largely based on the presence or absence of this stalk and of lateral furrows; for he says the furrows at the base of the glabella distinguish Tretaspis from Trinucleus, the latter being stated to be without lateral furrows, though the presence of the ‘eye-line’ on the cheek was chosen as the primary distinctive feature of the former. Nicholson and Etheridge, while rejecting Tretaspis as a sub-generic division, mention an additional third pair of furrows at the sides of the anterior swollen portion of the glabella in Trinucleus Bucklandi, though they do not seem to regard them as segmental furrows.

In the year 1911 Mr. Griffith and I proposed to recognize in Hants three divisions of the Chalk intervening between the zones of Marsupites testudinarius and Belemnitella mucronata, and then known as the zone of Actinocamax quadratus. These divisions we were not jointly prepared to treat as more than subzonal. In the year 1912 I defined the lower and middle divisions very closely and described them in detail, and demonstrated that the upper boundary of the middle division was a strongly marked break. This break I regarded as of zonal importance, and I therefore separated the lower and middle divisions from the upper as subzonal divisions of a new zone of Offaster pilula. I was also able to say that the features of the new zone in Hants were exactly reproduced in the Sussex cliffs and to cite as presumptive evidence that it was equally recognizable in Wiltshire a statement by Dr. Blackmore that the divisions proposed in 1911 held good round Salisbury. The object of this paper is to trace the new zone in detail in the more accessible cliff sections of the old zone of A. quadratus in the South of England.