Although the Pachycormid fish Saurostomus esocinus was known only by part of a lower jaw from the Upper Lias of Baden when it was first named by Agassiz, its principal characters have since been revealed by many incomplete specimens from the Upper Lias of Würtemberg, France, and Yorkshire, and by a well-preserved fish from Ilminster, Somersetshire, in the Charles Moore Collection, Bath Museum. The internal skeleton of the trunk and the fins, however, have not hitherto been so well seen as in a nearly complete fish from the Upper Lias of Würtemberg, prepared by Mr. Bernhard Hauff and now in the British Museum.

In 1844 Carpenter [1] divided the fossils then known as Terebratula into two groups—a perforate group, having the test covered with minute pores, and an imperforate group (the Rhynchonellids). These perforations (see Plate III) correspond to tubular processes of the mantle.

A Careful examination of the distribution of the high-level gravels and sands of the Thames Valley, especially those associated with the boulder-clays, shows that in pre-Chalky Boulder-clay time, not only were the main valley lines marked out, but many even of the smaller valleys, such as the Brent, were in existence. Of course, during Pleistocene time, denudation has been very active; for over large portions of this area the boulder-clays, gravels, and sands now only occur as scattered patches.

A very remarkable fact in the palæontological study of the Eocene strata of Egypt is the succession of echinid faunas, which seem definitely localized at well-determined horizons, enabling these to be recognized with ease.

Though Hinckley is now possessed of an excellent supply of water brought from the Lower Keuper Sandstone of Snarestone, in North-West Leicestershire, up to 1891 it had an unenviable reputation for abortive water-schemes. Some £20,000 had been spent in considering eighteen different propositions and in carrying out three deep borings within a few miles of the town. During this time six consulting engineers were called in by the local authority. All these schemes failed, not through any lack of water—for this was obtained from the Waterstones of the Lower Keuper in almost unlimited quantity—but because it was found impossible to shut out the chlorides and sulphates from the gypsiferous Keuper Marls through which the borings passed.

In a review in the Geological Magazine for 1913 of an important paper by Cumings on the development and systematic position of the Monticuliporoids, it was pointed out that the elucidation of the post-embryonic stages of that group conclusively proved them to be Polyzoa, and disposed of Kirkpatrick's contention that they were allied to Merlia, a recent siliceous sponge. Thus, further to prove the dissimilarity between the Monticuliporoids and Merlia is to flog a dead horse. Nevertheless we welcome the excellent figures by Cumings and Galloway of the microscopic structure of the two organisms showing that the skeleton of the one is formed of super-posed layers and the other of radiate spicules so adjusted as to form a mesh-work.

Having shown that the ‘railway-cutting’ valleys of the Goathland area exhibit anomalies of position seemingly irreconcilable with the view supported by Professor Bonney that they are vestiges of an ancient river-system that has undergone readjustments by the process of stream capture, I may now enforce the argument by exhibiting the contrast between the form and magnitude of the old and those of the new valleys in the same district.