The diminutive lamellibranch Anthraconaitta calcifera (Hind) was described by Hind in 1899, and the specimens were from a limestone at the bottom of the Newcastle-under-Lyme Beds, the middle division of the Upper Coal Measures of North Staffordshire. Similar shells occur at the base of the Coed-yr-allt Beds, the middle division of the Upper Coal Measures of Denbighshire (Gibson, 1901)and further specimens have since been noted (Wedd, 1928). A critical study has recently been made of specimens of A. calcifera from the type locality in North Staffordshire (Dix and Trueman 1931).

The extinct volcano of Katunga (E. 30° 11′ 27″; S. 0° 28′ 17″ approx.) is in northern Igara which is part of western Ankole in south-west Uganda. The volcano is of special interest: (a)because of its isolation, the nearest neighbouring manifestation of volcanic activity being that in connection with the crater in which Lake Nkuguti lies, about 12½ miles to the N.N.W. in Bunyaruguru; and (b) because true lava-flows, the first to be discovered in the volcanic areas of north-west Ankole and Toro, composed of potash-rich olivine-melilitite (katungite), were extruded from it. The volcano is an outlier of the southern edge of that part of the western volcanic field of Uganda lying in, and adjacent to, the portion of the western rift depression about the northern end of Lake Edward, the southern end of the Buwenzori massif, and Lake George.

The specimens representing the Katunga lavas are compact fine-grained porphyritic rocks of lustrous stone-grey to deep blue-grey colour, the phenocrysts being olivine (up to 3 mm. long) of various tints from nearly colourless to yellow-green, and melilite (up to 2 mm. square) in thin tabular, less conspicuous crystals which, megascopically, have a shining grey to black appearance. Some of the specimens from near the sources of the flows are internally altered and have become fawn or buff in colour, mottledby white zeolitic specks and reddish brown ferruginous pseudomorphs after olivine and melilite. Some weathered specimens have a brown ochreous crust, but within this the rock is normally fresh.

During the course of the John Murray Expedition some 22,000 miles of the floor of the Arabian Sea and the neighbouring areas of the Indian Ocean were mapped by means of the Echosounding apparatus. The region between India and Africa was crossed four times, namely:

(i) from Aden to Karachi,

(ii) from Bombay to Mombasa,

(iii) from Zanzibar to Colombo, and

(iv) from Colombo to Aden,

while more detailed surveys were carried out in the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Oman, and the region off Zanzibar.