¹⁴ The legal proceedings against perpetrators at the Nazi concentration camp in Auschwitz were launched in 1963 before the Landgericht (Regional Court) in Frankfurt, Germany. See, for detail, Katalog Auschwitz-Prozeß 4 is 2/63 Frankfurt am Main (Fritz-Bauer-Institut and Imtrud Wojak eds., 2004); Pendas, Devin O., I didnt know what Auschwitz was. The Frankfurt Auschwitz-Trial and the German Press 1963-1965, 12 Yale J. L. & Hum'ties 397-446 (2000).Google Scholar

¹⁵ Born 1929. Professor of Law emeritus, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt. Selected publications are available at: http://www.jura.uni-frankfurt.de/l_Personal/em_profs/wiethoelter/index.html (last visited 17 January 2011)Google Scholar

¹⁶ For a comprehensive account, see Martin Jay, Dialectical Imagination. A history of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923-1950 (1973).Google Scholar

¹⁷ The term had been coined by German historians, prominently by Hans-Ulrich Wehler, to scrutinize the conservative-reactionary mindsets and policy approaches propagated by the German elite in the transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. See, eg, Hans-Ulrich Wehler, Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Vol. 3: Von der “Deutschen Doppelrevolution” bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges. 1849-1914 (1995); Winkler, Heinrich-August, Der lange Weg nach Westen (6th. ed., 2005); Sontheimer, Kurt, Anti-Democratic Thought in the Weimar Republic (1963).Google Scholar

¹⁸ Wiethölter, Rudolf, Recht und Politik. Bemerkungen zu Peter Schwerdtners Kritik, Zeitschrift für Rechtspolitik 155 (1969), at 155; see Joerges, Christian, Politische Rechtstheorie - Impulse und Suchbewegungen, Kritische Justiz 184 (1989); Martin, Guido, Heidemarie Renk and Margaretha Sudhof, Maßstäbe, Foren, Verfahren: Das Prozeduralisierungskonzept Rudolf Wiethölters, Kritische Justiz 244 (1989).Google Scholar

¹⁹ In this vein, also Zumbansen, Peer, Das gesellschaftliche Gedächtnis des Rechts oder: Die juristische Dogmatik als Standeskunst [The social memory of law, or: legal doctrine as the lawyers’ state of art], in: Rechtsverfassungsrecht: Recht-Fertigung zwischen Privatrecht und Gesellschaftstheorie 151, 172-9 (Chr. Joerges/G. Teubner eds., 2003), available at: http://research.osgoode.yorku.ca/zumbansen Google Scholar

²⁰ See the analysis by Rottleuthner, Hubert, Three Legal Sociologies: Eugen Ehrlich, Hugo Sinzheimer, Max Weber, European Yearbook in the Sociology of Law 277 (Febbrajo, A. ed., 1988), and more recently Luca Nogler, In Memory of Hugo Sinzheimer (1875-1945): Remarks on the Methodenstreit in Labour Law, Cardozo Law Bulletin (1996), available at http://www.jus.unitn.it/cardozo/review/Laborlaw/Nogler-1996/nogler.htm (last visited 17 January 2011), Sakari Hänninen, Social Constitution in Historical Perspective: Hugo Sinzheimer in the Weimar Context, in: The many Constitutions of Europe, 219-20 (K. Tuori/S. Sankari eds., 2010).Google Scholar

²¹ Amsterdam: Hertzberger 1938; Frankfurt a.M: Klostermann 1953.Google Scholar

²² Carl Schmitt, ‘Die deutsche Rechtswissenschaft im Kampf gegen den jüdischen Geist', Deutsche Juristen Zeitung 1936, 1195 et seq. Google Scholar

²³ See “Tributes: Friedrich Kessler” (Anthony T. Kronman/John K. McNulty/Christian Joerges/George L. Priest), 104 Yale L. J. 2129 (1995).Google Scholar

²⁴ Duncan Kennedy, Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication, 89 Harv. L. Rev. 1685 (1976); ibid., The Structure of Blackstone's Commentaries, 28 Buffalo L. Rev. 205 (1979)Google Scholar

²⁵ The title of the conference - “American and German Traditions of Sociological Jurisprudence and Critique of Law” - mirrored this twofold background.Google Scholar

²⁶ Thus the subtitle of an essay in which I drew on the application for funding from the Volkswagen Foundation. The English translation of the conference proposal was included by Konstanze Plett in her collection of materials on “The German Traditions in Sociological Jurisprudence and Critique of Law” (Madison, Institute for Legal Studies, April 1986). That essay (On the Context of German-American Debates on Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Criticism: A History of Transatlantic Misunderstandings and Missed Opportunities) was published in the European Yearbook in the Sociology of Law 403 (A. Febbrajo/andD. Nelken, eds., 1993), (German original in Christian Joerges, Amerikanische und deutsche Traditionen der soziologischen Jurisprudenz und der Rechtskritik, EUI Working Paper 88/354, 1988, Reprint 1991, 3.Google Scholar

²⁷ Pandektenwissenschaft describes the school of study in the nineteenth century of extracting and formulating general rules and norms based on the rediscovery of and commentary on Roman Law sources. Prominent scholars were Georg Friedrich Puchta, Bernhard Windscheid and Heinrich Dernburg. For more detail, see FRANZ Wieacker, A History of Private Law in Europe, with particular reference to Germany (Tony Weir transl., 1995); see also ibid., Das Sozialmodell der klassischen Privatrechtsgesetzbücher und die Entwicklung der modernen Gesellschaft (1953).Google Scholar

²⁸ Jhering, Rudolf von, Geist des römischen Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen seiner Entwicklung, 2. Theil, 2. Abtheilung, 1852-65.Google Scholar

²⁹ The first of the “Vertrauliche Briefe über die heutige Jurisprudenz,, (Confidential Letters on Contemporary Jurisprudcence) appeared in: PREUßISCHE Gerichtszeitung Nr. 41 (16 June 1861), and was then reprinted in Rudolf von Jhering, Scherz und Ernst in der Jurisprudenz. Eine Weihnachtsgabe für das juristische Publikum (Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1884), reprint Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 1988, at 3.Google Scholar

³⁰ Rudolf von Jhering, Der Kampf ums Recht (5^th ed. 1977); The Struggle for Law (John J. Lalor transl. 1879).Google Scholar

³¹ See Holmes, O.W., The Common Law (1881, Dover Publications edition, 1991), 1: “The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience. The felt necessities of the time, the prevalent moral and political theories, intuitions of public policy, avowed or unconscious, even the prejudices which judges share with their fellow-men, have a good deal more to do than the syllogism in determining the rules by which men should be governed.”Google Scholar

³² Holmes, O.W., The Path of the Law (1897), reprinted in: id., Collected Legal Papers (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921), 167.Google Scholar

³³ Fikentscher, W., Gedanken zu einer rechtsvergleichenden Methodenlehre, in: Recht im Wandel: Beiträge zu Strömungen und Fragen im heutigen Recht: Festschrift hundertfünfzig Jahre Carl Heymanns Verlag KG (Ule, C.H. et al. eds. 1965, 141 at 154; id., Rechtswissenschaft und Demokratie bei Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. Eine rechtsvergleichende Kritik der politischen Jurisprudenz, (Karlsruhe 1970), 34-48; id., Methoden des Rechts in vergleichender Darstellung, Vol. 2, (Tübingen 1975); Vol. 3, 212, 220.Google Scholar

³⁴ Fikentscher, W., Methoden des Rechts in vergleichender Darstellung, Vol. 2 (Tübingen 1975); Vol. 3 (Tübingen 1976), 240-243.Google Scholar

³⁵ Morris.R. Cohen, On Continental Legal Philosophy (Reviews dating from 1914-1916), in id., Law and the Social Order. Essays in Legal Philosophy (1982), 286, at 305: “Despite its great influence upon Continental Law and jurisprudence, Jhering's ‘Zweck im Recht’ is a work of antiquated psychology and mediocre philosophic power.”Google Scholar

³⁶ Fikentscher, W., Methoden des Rechts in vergleichender Darstellung (vol. 3, 1976), at 156.Google Scholar

³⁷ See Reich, Norbert, Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism im Rechtsdenken Amerikas (1967), 44; Helmut Schelsky, Das Jhering-Modell des sozialen Wandels durch Recht, 3 Jahrbuch für Rechtstheorie und Rechtssoziologie 47 (1972); Reimann, Mathias W., Holmes’ “Common Law” and German Science, in Robert Gordon (ed.), The Legacy of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1992).Google Scholar

³⁸ Weber's description of formal law as a system of abstract, general rules, free from lacunae, the application of which should require and permit merely “logical” operations in accordance with intrinsic criteria (see Max Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (5th ed. by Winckelmann, J., 1972), 865-869) reads like a paraphrase of the relevant passages from Jhering's Geist des römischen Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen seiner Entwicklung (1858), at 334414). Sociological literature on Webers Legal Sociology has, if I understand correctly, not taken account of the fact that the exponents of formal law were very well aware of the freedoms they were taking in the name of interpretatio logica and of system thinking (see specifically on early Jhering, Regina Ogorek, Richterkönig oder Subsumtionsautomat. Zur Justiztheorie im 19. Jahrhundert (1986), 221-229. Whether Max Weber himself saw through these legally creative and discretionary elements of formal law is doubtful, although the observations in his legal sociology, in which he at the time attributed the “antiformal tendencies” (also) to inherent problems of formal law (Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, at 884), show that at any rate he did not let himself be deceived by the ideologists of the subsumption technique.Google Scholar

³⁹ For a brief and instructive account see Uwe Wesel, Geschichte des Rechts. Von den Frühformen bis zur Gegenwart (3^rd Ed. 2006). See the more comprehensive and balanced contributions to Rudolf von Jhering, 1993 (Behrends, Okko ed.).Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Max Weber, Economy and Society. An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, 2 vols. (1968); see Wolfgang Schluchter, Die Entwicklung des okzidentalen Rationalismus: eine Analyse von Max Webers Gesellschaftsgeschichte (The Development of Occidental Rationalism: an Analysis of Max Weber's History of Society) (1979).Google Scholar

⁴¹ Heck, Philipp, Das Problem der Rechtsgewinnung (The Problematic of Creating Law) (1912).Google Scholar

⁴² See Hans-Martin. Pawlowsky, Methodenlehre für Juristen, Theorie der Norm und des Gesetzes (1981), 58.Google Scholar

⁴³ Kantorowicz, Hermann, Der Kampf um die Rechtswissenschaft (1906).Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Vallauri, Luigi Lombardi, Geschichte des Freirechts (1971), at 41Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Kantorowicz, Hermann, Der Kampf um die Rechtswissenschaft (1906). at 7, 13, 15.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Ehrlich, Eugen, Grundlagen der Soziologie des Rechts (Fundamental principles of the sociology of law) (1913).Google Scholar

⁴⁷ See the attempts at an update by Ziegert, Klaus A., The Sociology behind Eugen Ehrlich's Sociology of Law, 7 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 225 (1979), 225; Nelken, David, Law in Action or Living Law? Back to the Beginning in Sociology of Law, 4 Legal Studies 157 (1984).; see also Teubner, Gunther, “Global Bukowina”: Legal Pluralism in the World Society, in G. Teubner (ed.), Global Law Without a State 3 (1996)Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Arthur NUßBAUM, Rechtstatsachenforschung, ihre Bedeutung für Wissenschaft und Unterricht (Research into Legal Facts; its Importance for Legal Science and Legal Education) (1914).Google Scholar

⁴⁹ On the differences between Ehrlich and Kantorowicz see Klaus F. Röhl, Rechtssoziologie (1987), 47-49.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ See Aristide Chiotellis and Wolfgang Fikentscher, Zur Einführung: Rechtssachenforschung - Ein heute noch erfüllbares Programm? in: Chiotellis, A. & W. Fikentscher (eds.), Rechtstatsachenforschung. Methodische Probleme und Beispiele aus dem Schuld- und Wirtschaftsrecht 1 (1985); Heldrich, Andreas, Die Bedeutung der Rechtssoziologie für das Zivilrecht, 186 Archiv für die civilistische Praxis 74 (1986).Google Scholar

⁵¹ Sinzheimer, Hugo, Die soziologische Methode in der Privatrechtswissenschaft (The sociological method in the science of private law) (1909).Google Scholar

⁵² See Rottleuthner, Hubert, Three Legal Sociologies: Eugen Ehrlich, Hugo Sinzheimer, Max Weber, European Yearbook in the Sociology of Law 277 (Febbrajo, A. ed., 1988) at 232-237, 245, 253–254.Google Scholar

⁵³ Raiser, Thomas, Keynote Address: Sociology of Law in Germany, 11 German L.J. 391 (2010), available at: http://www.germanlawjournal.com/pdfs/Vol11-No4/Vol_11_No_04_391-398_Raiser.pdf; Zumbansen, Peer, Law's Knowledge and Law's Effectiveness: Reflections from Legal Sociology and Legal Theory, 10 German L.J. 417 (2009), available at: http://www.germanlawjournal.com/pdfs/Vol10No04/PDF_Vol_10_No_04_417-438_SI_Articles_Zumbansen.pdf Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Max. Weber, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (5th ed. by J. Winckelmann, 1972), at, 889-892.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ See Trubek, David M., Max Weber on Law and the Rise of Capitalism, Wisconsin L. Rev. 720 (1972), 746-748; Treiber, Hubert, “Wahlverwandschaften” zwischen Webers Religions- und Rechtssociologie, in id., and S. Breuer (eds.), Zur Rechtssoziologie Max Webers. Interpretation, Kritik, Weiterentwicklung 6 (1984), 49-55; Kennedy, Duncan, The Disenchantment of Logically Formal Legal Rationality, or Max Weber's. Sociology in the Genealogy of the. Contemporary Mode of Western Legal Thought, 55 Hastings L. J. 1031 (2004).Google Scholar

⁵⁶ An example: to elucidate his concept of formality in law of contract, M. Weber, op.cit. (note 19), 869 refers to the case law of the Supreme Court, according to which legal limitations on working hours are invalid even “on the purely formal ground that it is incompatible with the natural law preambles of the constitution”. Weber evidently had in mind here the infamous Lochner decision (Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 [1905]). In connection with Weber's diagnoses and evaluations of the “antiformal” tendencies in modern law, it would have been rewarding to compare him with corresponding American developments, for instance the fact that the Supreme Court, in Muller v. Oregon, 208 U.S. 412 (1908), let itself be influenced by the “substantive” argumentation of a “Brandeis brief”.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ See, Rüdiger Lautmann and Michael Meuser, Verwendungen der Soziologie in Handlungswissenschaften am Beispiel von Pädagogik und Jurisprudenz, 28 Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie 686 (1986)at 697.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Weber, Max, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (5th ed. by Johannes Winckelmann, 1972), 88-89.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ See Fraenkel, Ernst, Zur Soziologie der Klassenjustiz 36 (1927).Google Scholar

⁶⁰ See, Muscheler, Karlheinz, Relativismus und Freirecht. Ein Versuch über Hermann Kantorowicz, (1984), 125-141, 161-173.Google Scholar

⁶¹ See Klaus A. Ziegert, The Sociology behind Eugen Ehrlich's Sociology of Law, 7 International Journal of the Sociology of Law 225 (1979), at 228.Google Scholar

⁶² Eugen. Ehrlich, Montesquieu and Sociological Jurisprudence, 29 Harv. L. Rev 582 (1915/16); Judicial Freedom of Decision: Its Principles and Object, in: Science of Legal Method. The Modern Legal Philosophy Series, (Vol. 9, Boston 1917)Google Scholar

⁶³ Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law (Walter L. Moll transl., introduced by Roscoe Pound, 1936),Google Scholar

⁶⁴ See Kantorowicz, Hermann, Der Geist der englischen Politik und das Gespenst der Einkreisung Deutschlands (1929); The Spirit of British Policy and the Myth of the Encirclement of Germany (1931).Google Scholar

⁶⁵ Hermann. Kantorowicz, Legal Science. Summary of its Methodology. With Notes by Ernest W. Patterson, 28 Columbia L. Rev. 679 (1928)Google Scholar

⁶⁶ See Schlegel, John H., American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science: From the Yale Experience, 28 Buffalo L. Rev. 459 (1979). Against Fikentscher's thesis in his Methoden des Rechts in vergleichender Darstellung (vol. 2, 1975) at 282, that legal realism had taken over the heritage of free law, see Karlheinz Muscheler, Relativismus und Freirecht. Ein Versuch über Hermann Kantorowicz, (1984) at, 13, and above all Kantorowicz himself: Some Rationalism about Realism, 43 Yale L. J. 1239, 1241 (1934); but see also James E. Herget and Stephen Wallace, The German Free Law Movement at the Source of American Legal Realism, 73 Virg. L. Rev. 399 (1987).Google Scholar

⁶⁷ Bernd.H. Oppermann, Die Rezeption des nordamerikanischen Rechtsrealismus durch die deutsche Topik-Diskussion (1985), 42-44.Google Scholar

⁶⁸ And in the winter term 1931/2; see, Rehbinder, Manfred, Karl N. Llewellyn als Rechtssoziologe, 16 Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie 532 (1964), 533; Llewellyn's invitation had apparently been promoted by Kantorowicz (see Samuel Klaus, Karl Llewellyn, Prajudizienrecht und Rechtsprechung in Amerika (book review), 43 Yale L. J. 516 (1934).Google Scholar

⁶⁹ In the same year there also appeared the outstanding analysis by Angèle Auburtin, Amerikanisches Rechtsauffassung und die neueren amerikanischen Theorien der Rechtssoziologie und des Rechtsrealismus, 3 Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht UND Völkerrecht 3 529 (1932/33); obviously, this article was unable to exert any further effects.Google Scholar

⁷⁰ The best-known contribution, though a problematic one, is by Hermann Kantorowicz, Some Rationalism about Realism, 43 Yale L. J. 1239, 1934; see also Morstein-Marx, Fritz, Juristischer Realismus in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, 10 Revue International de la Theorie du Droit 28 (1936).Google Scholar

⁷¹ See, e.g., Sinzheimer, Hugo, Die Aufgabe der Rechtssoziologie (1935)Google Scholar

⁷² The history of German émigré legal science was long only fragmentary. - See on Kantorowicz Karlheinz Muscheler, Hermann Ulrich Kantorowicz. Eine Biographie (1984), 106-124; Curran, Vivian A., Rethinking Hermann Kantorowicz: Free law, American legal realism and the legacy of anti-formalism, in: Rethinking The Masters Of Comparative Law (Riles, A. ed., 2001), 66; on Franz L. Neumann see A. Söllner, Franz L Neumann - Skizzen zu einer intellektuellen und politischen Biographie, in F.L. Neumann, Wirtschaft, Staat, Demokratie. Aufsätze 1930-1954, 7 (Söllner, A. ed., 1978),; see also Helmut Dubiel and Alfons Söllner, Die Nationalisozialismus-Forschung des Instituts für Sozialforschung - ihre wissenschaftsgeschichtliche Stellung und ihre gegenwärtige Bedeutung, in: Wirtschaft, RECHT UND STAAT IM NATIONALISOZIALISMUS. ANALYSEN DES INSTITUTS FÜR SOZIALFORSCHUNG 1939-1942, 7 (H. Dubiel and A. Söllner eds., 1981). For more recent contributions see, Marcus Lutter, Ernst C. Stiefel and Michael H. Hoeflich, (eds.), DER EINFLUß DEUTSCHSPRACHIGER EMIGRANTEN AUF DIE RECHTSENTWICKLUNG IN DEN USA UND IN DEUTSCHLAND (1993).Google Scholar

⁷³ Helmut. Coing, Neue Strömungen in der nordamerikanischen Rechtsphilosophie, 38 ARCHIV FÜR RECHTS- UND Sozialphilosophie 537 (1959/50)Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Esser, Josef, Grundsatz und Norm (Principle and Rule, 1956), at 18-23.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Norbert. Reich, Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism im Rechtsdenken Amerikas (1967); Casper, Gerhard, juristischer realismus und politische theorie im amerikanischen rechtsdenken (1967); wolfgang. fikentscher, Methoden des Rechts in vergleichender Darstellung,(vol.1 1975); Krawietz, Werner, Juristische Entscheidung und wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis (1978), 97-132.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Schlegel, John H., American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science: From the Yale Experience, 28 Buffalo L. REV. 459 (1979).Google Scholar

⁷⁷ Bernd.H. Oppermann, Die Rezeption des nordamerikanischen Rechtsrealismus durch die deutsche Topik-Diskussion (1984)records a direct influence of legal realism on so-called topic theory (Theodor Viehweg, Topik und Jurisprudenz, 4th ed., 1969); but this would form a somewhat strange alliance since topic theory in particular cannot do much with the scientific, empirical and social critical elements of legal realism.Google Scholar

⁷⁸ An example is: Rottleuthner, Hubert, Rechtswissenschaft als Sozialwissenschaft, Frankfurt a.M. 1973; previously, Ernst E. Hirsch, who had gone back to Berlin, acted as a lone crier in the desert (see E.E. Hirsch, Was kümmert uns die Rechtssoziologie? Juristen-Jahrbuch 3 (1962/63), 131 et seq.); in general, see the references in Klaus F. Röhl, Rechtssoziologie (1984), at 57-63.Google Scholar

⁷⁹ Wiethölter, Rudolf, Rechtswissenschaft (1968)Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Namely the works of Ernst Fraenkel, Otto Kahn-Freund, Otto Kirchheimer, Franz Neumann, Hugo Sinzheimer.Google Scholar

⁸¹ See, Fikentscher, Wolfgang, Rechtswissenschaft und Demokratie bei Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes. Eine rechtsvergleichende Kritik der politischen Jurisprudenz, Karlsruhe (1970).Google Scholar

⁸² Rottleuthner, Hubert, Rechtswissenschaft als Sozialwissenschaft (1973) and id., Richterliches Handeln. Zur Kritik der juristischen Dogmatik (1973).Google Scholar

⁸³ Luhmann, N., Rechtssoziologie, Vol. 1 and 2, (1972)Google Scholar

⁸⁴ See, eg, Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (1992)Google Scholar

⁸⁵ “Life after bankruptcy” is the heading of an interview with Jurgen Habermas, published in 16: 2 Constellations 16, No 2, 2009, 224-234; This interview was conducted by Thomas Assheuer and originally appeared in Die Zeit on November 6, 2008.Google Scholar

⁸⁶ See the laudationes offered at the 10^th Anniversary Symposium of the German Law Journal at the German Federal Ministry of Justice, 2 July 2009, available at http://www.germanlawjournal.com/pdfs/TOC/pdf_table_of_contents_Vol_10_No_10.pdf Google Scholar

⁸⁷ Gordley, James, The State's Private Law and Legal Academia, 56 Am. J. Comp. L. 639 (2008)Google Scholar

⁸⁸ See, recently his Utinam…, in: Summa. Festschrift für Dieter Simon (Kiesow, R.M. et al. eds., 2005), 641.Google Scholar

⁸⁹ Kronman, Anthony T., The Lost Lawyer. Failing Ideals of the Legal Profession (1993), 241-264.Google Scholar

⁹⁰ Two contributions to Dennis. Patterson, Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, (2^nd ed., 2010), discuss CLS, namely Guyora Binder, Critical legal studies (267-278), Lawrence B. Solum, Indeterminacy (479-492), many others refer to the movement and/or its topics.Google Scholar

⁹¹ See Winkler, Viktor, Some Realism About Rationalism: Economic Analysis of Law in Germany, 6 German L.J. 1033 (2005), available at: http://www.germanlawjournal.org/pdfs/Vol06No06/PDF_Vol_06_No_06_Developments_1033-1044_Winkler.pdf Google Scholar

⁹² The terms is from Friedrich Kratochwil, How (Il)liberal is the Liberal Theory of Law? Some Critical Remarks on Slaughter's Approach, 9 Comparative Sociology 120 (2010), at 122.Google Scholar

⁹³ Martti Koskenniemi and Paivi Leino, Fragmentation of International Law? Postmodern Anxieties, 15 Leiden J. Int'l. L. 553 (2002)Google Scholar

⁹⁴ See Achim Hurrelmann, Stephan Leibfried, Kerstin Martens and Peter Mayer (eds.), Transforming the Golden-Age Nation State (2007).Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Ruggie, John Gerard, International Regimes, Transactions, and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Postwar Economic Order, 36 Int'l Org. 379 (1982)Google Scholar

⁹⁶ See, eg, Weber, Steven ed., Globalization and the European Political Economy (2001).Google Scholar

⁹⁷ See Kennedy, Duncan, Three Globalizations of Law and Legal Thought: 1850-2000, in David M. Trubek and A. Santos (eds.), The New Law and Economic Development. A Critical Appraisal, 19 (2006); the theme is the leitmotif of his work ever since International Legal Structures (198)7 and of his network building through activities such as the Workshop on “Global Law and Economic Policy” in June 2010 at Harvard Law School.Google Scholar

⁹⁸ Global Bukowina: Legal Pluralism in the World-Society, in G. Teubner (ed.), Global Law Without A State, 3 (1996)Google Scholar

⁹⁹ Most recently: A Constitutional Moment? The Logics of ‘Hit the Bottom' in P. Kjaer, G. Teubner and A. Febbrajo (eds), The Financial Crisis in Constitutional Perspective: The Dark Side of Functional Differentiation (Oxford: Hart forthcoming). Google Scholar

¹⁰⁰ In the case of Ch. Joerges: from Markt ohne Staat? (The Market without a State?), in: R. Wildenmann (ed.), Staatswerdung Europas?, 225 (1991), to Unity in Diversity as Europe's Vocation and Conflicts Law as Europe's Constitutional Form, in R. Nickel and A. Greppi (eds), The Changing Role of Law in the Age of Supra- and Transnational Governance (2011 - forthcoming (chapter 5), available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1723249 Google Scholar

¹⁰¹ Between Facts and Norms (William Rehg transl., 1996, German orig.: 1992).Google Scholar

¹⁰² The Postnational Constellation. Political Essays (2001; German orig. 1996).Google Scholar

¹⁰³ His work on Europe started with Staatsbürgerschaft und nationale Identität, (Citizenship and national identity) (1991), reprinted as Annex II to Between Facts and Norms, 491-516 and continuing up to his Europe: The Faltering Project (2009).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁴ See, e.g., his Recht, Kultur und Gesellschaft im Prozeb der Globalisierung (2001) (co-authored with Shalini Raniera); The Legacies of Injustice and Fear: A European Approach to Human Rights and their Effects on Political Culture, in: Philip Alston (ed.), The EU and Human Rights, 117 (1999); World Citizens between Freedom and Security, 12 Constellations 379 (2005); Legal Pluralism or Uniform Concept of Law? Globalisation as a problem of legal theory, 5 NoFo - Journal of Extreme Legal Positivism, 5 (2008).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁵ See, eg, Bhupinder. S. Chimni, Third World Approaches to International Law: A Manifesto, 8 Int'l Comm. L. Rev. 3 (2006).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ The term has been coined by Bernhard Schlink, Vergangenheitsschuld und gegenwärtiges Recht (2002).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁷ See Christian Joerges and Navraj S. Ghaleigh eds., Darker Legacies of Law in Europe: The Shadow of National Socialism and Fascism over Europe and its Legal Traditions (2003); see the German Law Journal's Symposium issue on ‘Darker Legacies': “European Integration in the Shadow of Europe's Darker Past: The ‘Darker Legacies of Law in Europe’ Revisited, 7 German L.J. 71-256 (2006), available at: http://www.germanlawjournal.com/pdfs/FullIssues/pdf_Vol_07_No_02.pdf Google Scholar

¹⁰⁸ To cite just the work of David Fraser which does not only cover national attempts in Europe to deal with Nazi and collaborationist regimes, but also transitional Justice mechanisms with a view to learn about law out of its encounters with the evils of the past; see, e.g., his Law After Auschwitz: Towards A Jurisprudence of the Holocaust(2005); The Fragility of Law: Constitutional Patriotism and the Jews of Belgium, 1940-45, London 2009, and most recently, Daviborshch's Cart: Narrating the Holocaust in Australian War Crimes Trials, forthcoming in 2011 with Nebraska Press.Google Scholar