¹ E.g. the “Staatsexamen” in Germany, a final law school exam administered by the state and the law school.Google Scholar

² E.g. the bar exam in the USA.Google Scholar

³ Introduction to “Gesetz über die juristische Ausbildung des Landes Hessen”, (Law pertaining to the legal training of the Land Hessen), printed in: Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für das Land Hessen (Official Bulletin of Laws and Regulations for the Land Hessen), I 1994, p. 74.Google Scholar

⁴ The Doctor degree is not equivalent or comparable to the US-American JD degree which supplanted the traditional LL.B in the 2^nd half of the 20^th century and which now is the regular law school graduation degree; in the US the equivalent for the doctorates in most other countries would be the JSD or SJD.Google Scholar

⁵ And in countries which belong to supra-national unions like the European Union also: the supra-national rules.Google Scholar

⁶ http://www.law.Yale.edu/outside/html/Admissions/admis-llmindex.htm (this link and all following links were last visited on April 24, 2002).Google Scholar

⁷ http://www.studylaw.com/usllm.html.Google Scholar

⁸ http://jurist.pitt.edu/gradprogs.htm.Google Scholar

⁹ See, Letter from ABA Chair Person Shepard regarding post-J.D.-programs, http://www.abanet.org/legaled/postjdprograms/postjd_letter.html. The ABA does indeed take a look at LL.M. programs of law schools, but only to secure that they do not endanger the J.D programs the ABA accredited.Google Scholar

¹⁰ http://www.law.whittier.edu/academic_program/llm_degree.htm.Google Scholar

¹¹ http://www.law.wisc.edu/grad/llm-sjd.htm.Google Scholar

¹² http://www.law.harvard.edu/Admissions/Graduate-programs/index.Google Scholar

¹³ http://www.nationaljurist-com/lawschool_program.asp?id-l_l_m_programs.Google Scholar

¹⁴ http://www.law.upenn.edu/adms/REQUIRE.html.Google Scholar

¹⁵ http://www.law.harvard.edu/Admissions/Graduate_programs/programs.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See e.g. the Harvard, Wisconsin, and Yale links supra.Google Scholar

¹⁷ E.g. the University of Pennsylvania http://www.law.upenn.edu/adms/REQUIRE.html.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Eee e.g. for Yale http://www.law.yale.edu/outside/html/Admissions/admis-llmindex.htm.Google Scholar

¹⁹ See the rich and well done overview in: Karsten/Wirtz, Der LL.M. in der Europäischen Union (2nd Ed. Luchterhand) (http://www.luchterhand.de/as400co.nsf/artnr/05220000?opendocument) 2002, ISBN 3-472-05220-1); see the review by Reidenbach, 4 German Law Journal No. 4 (1 April 2003), available at: http://www.germanlawjournal.com (direct link: http://www.gljpdf.de/Vol04No04/PDF_vol_04_no_04_419-420_legal_culture_Reidenbach.pdf).Google Scholar

²⁰ Karsten/Wirtz, Der LL.M. in der Europäischen Union (1st Ed. 1998), 11.Google Scholar

²¹ A notable exception seems to be famous Oxford University, see Jura in UK, in: AZUR Winter 2001/2002, 48.Google Scholar

²² See. e.g. for the University of East Anglia, Norwich http://www.uea.ac.uk/law/post_grade/postgrade2.htm which offers the general degree and specialties in Employment Law, International Trade Law, Familiy Law and Policy, Family Justice Studies or International and Commercial Business Law or the University of Exeter, http://www.ex.ac.uk/admin/exeter/tgp/law.htm which offers programs in European Law, International Business Law, and International and Comparative Public Law; the University of Glasgow http://www.law.gla.ac.uk/index.htm offers the General LL.M. plus specialised LL.M.s in Commercial Law, European Legal Studies, International Law, Legal History, Medical Law, Criminal Justice; the University of Nottingham even offers seven specialised LL.M.s from European Law to International Law and Armed Conflict (Karsten/Wirtz, supra note 19).Google Scholar

²³ See e.g.: http://www.law.strath.ac.uk/cpls/Cumlaw.html.Google Scholar

²⁴ http://www.laws.qmw.ac.uk/postgraduate.htm.Google Scholar

²⁵ http://www.ukc.ac.uk/law/postgraduate/research.htm.Google Scholar

²⁶ http://www.law.bris.ac.uk/courses/llmr.html.Google Scholar

²⁷ http://www.law.bris.ac.uk/courses/llmr.html.Google Scholar

²⁸ http://etlaw.law.strath.ac.uk/distlearn/.Google Scholar

²⁹ E.g. at the Università degli studi di Milano and the Università degli studi di Roma “La Sapienza”; see Karsten/Wirtz, Der LL.M. in der Europäischen Union (1998), 64/65.Google Scholar

³⁰ For details see http://www.unibas.ch/ius/studium.htm.Google Scholar

³¹ For details see http://www.rechtswissenschaft.unibe.ch/nachdiplom.html.Google Scholar

³² For details see http://www.unizh.ch/nds/d/flash.html.Google Scholar

³³ Another detail might be worth mentioning in the Capital of China: the program includes excursions to universities in Shanghai and Hongkong.Google Scholar

³⁴ See www.iue.it.Google Scholar

³⁵ See www.emle-hamburg.de.Google Scholar

³⁶ It is planned that Bologna is going to become a first trimester choice soon.Google Scholar

³⁷ This fact and the following facts in this section are, unless otherwise stated, based on the unpublished “Fortführende Gesamtstatistik, June 2001” of the “Deutscher Juristen-Fakultätentag”, the German Law School Association (on file with the author); for a good, but not quite current survey see DAAD (ed.), Aufbaustudiengänge an Hochschulen in Deutschland (1999).Google Scholar

³⁸ DAAD supra (note 36) at 28, 29.Google Scholar

³⁹ For Frankfurt LL.M.s see below.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ See http://www.ilf-frankfurt.de.Google Scholar

⁴¹ supra at c)Google Scholar

⁴² The same is true for some other international degree programs like the International Intellectual Property Law LL.M. of the University of Exeter (England), Robert Schumann University Strassbourgh (France), Charles University of Prague (Czech Republic),and the TU Dresden (Germany); see http://www.tu-dresden.de/erasjur/Welcome.htm Google Scholar

⁴³ for a notable exception see below at bb.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ 15 000 € p.a.Google Scholar