1 At the International Political Science Association Round Table Conference on the Modernization of Politics of September 1968 where this text was circulated as an interim report of the Rapporteur Général.

2 The following extract from the New York Times of 14 June 1965, is relevant from this point of view. ‘Eight months after his massive election victory, President Johnson is holding much of his support among the American people but his leadership in foreign policy is being sharply questioned in Washington and abroad. The American academic world has made it plain through speeches, teach-ins and countless letters to newspaper editors that it is intellectually and emotionally alienated from the President to whom it gave such strong support in the election. Criticism in official Washington has been muted primarily because members of Congress and administration officials have no wish either to offend Mr. Johnson or to give the world an impression of a divided government. Spot checks in this country by correspondents confirmed the evident loss of support for Mr. Johnson in the academic world. They also disclosed a feeling of frustration among Americans at the difficulty of understanding and getting information on complex foreign situations and the nation’s involvement in them.’