Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-gq7q9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T19:35:26.857Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eugenio Pacelli—Man and Pope

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 August 2013

Paul O'Shea*
Affiliation:
The Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies

Extract

At the time of his death in October 1958, Pope Pius XII was remembered as a great and good man who had worked tirelessly for peace throughout his -nineteen-year pontificate. World leaders paid him fulsome tributes, and -accounts of his life and the details of his funeral were posted on the front pages of many of the world's leading newspapers and seen by hundreds of thousands on newsreels and television. Within the Catholic Church, Pius was the last of the great monarchical popes, a man who had lived his entire life within the framework of Vatican diplomacy, as an ambassador for two popes, secretary of state for one pope, and a detail-observant manager for close to two decades as pope himself. He was praised also for his support of new movements in the life of the church, notably a modern approach to the study of Scripture and the beginnings of significant reforms to the liturgy. There was, too, some relief that the stultification of the last years of the pope's life and fears of a new anti-Modernist campaign were over. The outpouring of grief at his passing was genuine, but there was a palpable sense that something had changed; an era was closing.

Type
Review Essay*
Copyright
Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

RobertVentresca, Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013).

References

1 Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la Seconde Guerre mondiale (ed. Pierre Blet et al.; 12 vols.; Vatican City: Vatican Publishing House, 1965–1981).

2 Cornwell, John, Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII (New York: Viking Press, 1999)Google Scholar.

3 Chadwick, Owen, Britain and the Vatican during the Second World War (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1986)Google Scholar; Conway, John, The Nazi Persecution of the Churches (New York: Basic, 1968)Google Scholar; Lesser, Jeffrey, Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995)Google Scholar; Phayer, Michael, The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 (Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 2000)Google Scholar; idem, Pius XII, the Holocaust and the Cold War (Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 2008) idem; Kent, Peter, The Lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: The Roman Catholic Church and the Division of Europe (Montreal, Ont.: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2002)Google Scholar; Sanchez, Jose Maria, Pius XII and the Holocaust: Understanding the Controversy (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2002)Google Scholar; Zuccotti, Susan, Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002)Google Scholar.

4 Besier, Gerhard, The Holy See and Hitler's Germany (trans. Ward, W. R.; New York: Palgrave, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Brechenmacher, Thomas, “Pope Pius XI, Eugenio Pacelli and the Persecution of the Jews in Nazi Germany 1933–1939: New Sources from the Vatican Archives,” Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 27 (2005) 1744Google Scholar; Coppa, Frank, The Life and Pontificate of Pope Pius XII: Between History and Controversy (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fattorini, Emma, Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican: Pope Pius XI and the Speech That Was Never Made (trans. Ipsen, Carl; Cambridge, U.K.: Polity, 2011)Google Scholar; Gallagher, Charles, Vatican Secret Diplomacy: Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2008)Google Scholar; Pease, Neal, Rome's Most Faithful Daughter: The Catholic Church and Independent Poland, 1914–1939 (Athens, Ohio: University of Ohio Press, 2009)Google Scholar; Sale, Giovanni, Hitler, la Santa Sede e gli Ebrei. Con i documenti dell'Archivio Segreto Vaticano (Milan: Jaca Books and La Civiltà Cattolica, 2004)Google Scholar; Wolf, Hubert, Pope and Devil: The Vatican's Archives and the Third Reich (trans. Kronenberg, Kenneth; Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010)Google Scholar.

5 Inter arma caritas. L'Ufficio Informazioni Vaticano per i priginionieri di guerra istituito da Pio XII (1939–1947) (2 vols.; Vatican City: Vatican Secret Archives, 2004).

6 Pagano, Sergio, Chappin, Marcel, and Coco, Giovanni, I “fogli di udienza” del Cardinale Eugenio Pacelli, Segretatio di Stato, I (1930) (Vatican City: Vatican Secret Archives, 2010)Google Scholar.

7 Three examples of significant conferences include those held at Yad Vashem, Israel in March 2009, in Milan in June 2009, and at Brown University, Rhode Island in October 2010. The papers of these conferences have been published.

8 “Die Berichte des apostolischen Nuntius Cesare Orsenigo aus Deutschland, 1930 bis 1939,” ed. by Thomas Brechenmacher, accessed April 15, 2013, http://www.dhi-roma.it/orsenigo.html; “Eugenio Pacelli. Kritische Online-Edition der Nuntiaturberichte von 1917–1929,” ed. Hubert Wolf, accessed April 15, 2013, http://www.pacelli-edition.de.