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A Sudanese Merchant's Career Based on His Papers: A Research Project

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2014

Anders Bjørkelo
Affiliation:
University of Bergen
Mustafa A. Ali
Affiliation:
University of Khartoum

Extract

The number of Arabic documents and manuscripts of historical significance found in the Sudan is constantly growing. The national repository for such material is the National Records Office (NRO) in Khartoum, but a substantial collection of photographed, photocopied, and microfilmed documents has also been built up at the Department of History, University of Bergen, Norway. Most of this material has been brought together as a result of fieldwork in various parts of the Sudan in connection with historical research. However, at the end of the 1970s the NRO launched a campaign to collect private documents in the rural areas, with good results. Another step in the same direction was taken in 1986, when a four years' cooperative project between the Department of History, University of Bergen, Norway, and the NRO in Khartoum, was started. Organized joint field expeditions were planned and carried out from 1987 onwards for the purpose of locating and photographing private documents. This project is financed by the Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD) and the University of Bergen, and is part of a larger program of cooperation with the University of Khartoum. Bjørkelo is the project leader on the Bergen side and Dr. Ali S. Karrar is the local coordinator in the NRO. The 1987 expedition went to al-Matamma, al-Dāmar, Berber, Ghubush, and Kadabās in the north and photographed 196 documents. The following year various religious centres of the Gezira were visited and another 96 documents were photographed. Research on these acquisitions is planned or in progress.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1990

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References

Notes

1. We wish to thank NORAD in particular for financing the project.

2. O'Fahey, R.S. and Salim, M.I. Abu, 1983, Land in Dār Fūr (Cambridge, 1983)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Holt, P.M., 1969, “Four Funj Land-charters”, Sudan Notes and Records, 50 (1983), 214Google Scholar; Kapteijns, L. and Spaulding, J., 1988, After the Millenium. Diplomatic Correspondence from Wadai and Dār Fūr on the Eve of Colonial Conquest, 1885-1916. (East Lansing, 1988).Google Scholar See also O'Fahey, R. S., “Publishing Sudanese documents,” HA, 16, (1989), 383–87.Google Scholar

3. Spaulding, J. L., 1982, “The Misfortune of Some—the Advantage of Others: Land Sales by Women in Sinnār” in Wright, M. and Hay, J. eds., African Women and the Law (Boston, 1982).Google Scholar See also note 10 below.

4. J. Ewald may not agree with me here. See her article Speaking, Writing, and Authority: Explorations in and from the Kingdom of Taqali,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 30 (1988), 199224.Google Scholar

5. The collection has been used or referred to by Bjørkelo, in “From King to Kāshif. Shendi in the Nineteenth Century” (Doctoral Thesis, University of Bergen, 1983)Google Scholar revised and published as: Prelude to the Mahdiyya. Peasants and Traders in the Shendi Region, 1821-1885 (Cambridge 1989)Google Scholar; Partnerskap i handel og jordbruk i Sudan på 1800-talet”, Historisk Tidsskrift, 61 (1982), 228–46Google Scholar (on partnership in trade and agriculture in the Sudan); Turco-jallâba relations 1821-1885,” in Manger, L. O., ed., 1984, Trade and Traders in the Sudan (Bergen, 1984), 81107Google Scholar; Bønder, kontantavlingar og skattar i Nord-Sudan under den første koloniperioden (Turkiyyaperioden), 1821-1885” (on peasants, cash crops and taxes) in Bønder og Stat i Den tredje Verden (Bergen, 1987), 1128Google Scholar; “On the Origin and Structure of Private Legal Documents and Their Value as Historical Sources” in an anthology edited by E. Kleppe and R. Skarstein, to appear in 1990; “The Buying and Selling of Land in the Northern Sudan, c. 1770-1910,” unpublished.

6. Eltayeb, E.A., 1989, “Arabic Documents as Sources for Sudanese History. A Catalogue of cAbd Allāh Bey Hamza's Papers” (M. Phil, thesis, University of Bergen).Google Scholar This is for the moment not available for consultation.

7. For more information on his career, see Bjørkelo, , Prelude, 124–30.Google Scholar

8. Bjørkelo, “Turco-jalabba Relations.”

9. Badri, Babakr, The Memoirs of Babikr Bedri, (London, 1969) 101, 107.Google Scholar

10. Salim, M. I. Abu, Al-Funj waᵓl-arḍ, wathāᵓiq tamlik, (Khartoum, 1967)Google Scholar; idem., Al-Fūr wa'l-arḍ, wathāᵓiq tamlik, (Khartoum, 1975); idem., Al-arḍ fīᵓl-Mahdiyya (Khartoum, 1970); O'Fahey and Abu Salim, Land in Dār Fūr; al-Qaddāl, M.S., Al-Siyāsa al-iqtiṣadiyya līᵓl-dawlat ᵓl-Mahdiyya (Khartoum, 1986)Google Scholar; Spaulding, “Misfortune.”

11. Bjørkelo, “The Buying and Selling of Land.”

12. Bjørkelo, “Origin and Structure.”

13. A translation of this document is published in Bjørkelo, , Prelude, 149–50.Google Scholar

14. For his career see Jackson, Henry C., Black Ivory (Oxford, 1913).Google Scholar

15. See Walz, Terence, “Family Archives in Egypt. New light on Nineteenth-Century Provincial Trade,” in L'Egypte au xixe Siècle (Paris, 1982), 1533.Google Scholar