Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-08T04:30:06.486Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The New Religious Dimension in Western Marxism: I

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 September 2014

Rudolf J. Siebert
Rudolf J. Siebert*
Affiliation:
Western Michigan University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

For decades, orthodox Marxists understood Marxist dialectical materialism merely as a turning upside down of Hegel's absolute idealism. Humanistic Marxists have corrected the Marxist concept of the relationship between economic basestructure and cultural superstructure which in turn leads them to a more differentiated view of religion as part of the cultural superstructure. Since the 1920's, Western Marxists discovered that the relationship between Hegel's idea dialectics and Marxian reality dialectics is much more complicated than orthodox Marxists and their opponents, the positivists, previously assumed. Marxist dialectical materialism is not necessarily an ontological materialism, but rather a regional one. That allows Humanistic Marxists today to speak more favorably about some metaphysical and theological trends and to produce a more adequate and deeper critical theory of religion than Marx himself was able to create.

Type
Articles
Information
Horizons , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , Fall 1976 , pp. 217 - 236
Copyright
Copyright © The College Theology Society 1976

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung: Geschichte und gegenwärtige Bedeutung,” in Horkheimer, Max, Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung (Munchen: Kosel Verlag, 1970), Vol. I, pp. 8*–9*Google Scholar; Schmidt, Wilhelm, Die Religion der Religionskritik (München: Claudius Verlag, 1972), Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9Google Scholar.

2 Wilhelm Schmidt, Die Religion, Chaps. 8, 9; Lukacs, Georg, Schriften zur Ideologie und Politik (Neuwied: Hermann Luchterhand Verlag, 1967), pp. 17, 95, 96, 100, 205, 255, 522, 557, 558, 559, 615, 621, 622; 205, 519, 521, 533, 568, 586, 564, 613Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Max, Die Sehnsucht nach dem ganzanderen (Hamburg: Furche Verlag, 1971), pp. 54–89Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Max, Notizen 1950 bis 1969 und Dämmerung (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Verlag, 1974), pp. 18, 33, 92–93, 96–97, 121, 125–126Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Max, Critical Theory (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972), pp. 129–131Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Max und Adorno, Theodor W., Dialektik der Aufklärung S. Fischer Verlag, 1969), pp. 50–87, 9–49Google Scholar; Adorno, Theodor/Kogon, Eugen, “Offenbarung oder Autonome Vernunft,” in Frankfurter Hefte 13, 6 (Juni 1958), pp. 392–402Google Scholar; 13, 7 (Juli 1958), pp. 484-498 (hereinafter cited as FH); Kolakowski, Leszek, Himmelsschlüssel (München: Piper, 1964)Google Scholar; Marcuse, Herbert, Eros and Civilization (New York: Vintage Books, 1962), pp. 50–70Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Max, Zur Kritik der instrumentellen Vernunft (S. Fischer Verlag, 1967), pp. 216–228, 229–238, 239–247Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1965), pp. 104–114, 114–220, 220–267Google Scholar. (Vol. IV of Sämtliche Werke [reissue of Jubiläumsausgabe, 1840-44] hereafter cited as Werke.)

3 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift,” p. 9*Google Scholar; Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Les Aventures de la Dialecticque (Paris, 1955), Chaps. II, IIIGoogle Scholar; Lichtheim, Georg, From Marx to Hegel (New York: The Seabury Press, 1971), vii–viii, pp. 1–49Google Scholar.

4 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift,” p. 9*Google Scholar; Lukacs, Georg, Geschichte und Klassen-bewusstsein (Neuwied: Luchterhand, 1968)Google Scholar.

5 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift,” pp. 9*–10*Google Scholar; Lichtheim, , From Marx, pp. 1–49Google Scholar.

6 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift,” p. 9*Google Scholar.

7 Schmidt, Alfred, “Die Zeitschrift,” pp. 9*–10*Google Scholar; Lichtheim, , From Marx, pp. 1–49Google Scholar.

8 Kolakowski, Leszek, Alienation of Reason, trans, by Guterman, Norbert (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968)Google Scholar; Lichtheim, , From Marx, pp. 1–49, Chap. 9Google Scholar.

9 Lichtheim, From Marx, Chaps. 6, 8, 9.

10 Wilhelm Schmidt, Die Religion, Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

11 Lukacs, , Schriften, pp. 612–622Google Scholar; Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar; Adorno, /Kogon, , “Offenbarung,” pp. 392–402Google Scholar; Kolakowski, Leszek, Der Mensch ohne Alternative (München, 1964), pp. 250–280Google Scholar; Kasper, Walter, “Politische Utopie und Christliche Hoffnung,” in FH 24, 8 (August 1969), p. 564Google Scholar; Kolakowski, Leszek, “Kleine These de sacro et profano,” in FH 16, 11 (November 1966), pp. 730–734Google Scholar.

12 Dirks, Walter, “Familie, beispielsweise,” in FH 25, 8 (August 1970), p. 562Google Scholar; Lichtheim, From Marx, Chaps. 1, 2, 3, 4.

13 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 562Google Scholar; Marcuse, Herbert, Reason and Revolution (Boston: Beacon Press, 1960), Part I, Part II, Chap. 1Google Scholar.

14 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 562Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte (Stuttgart: Fried rich Frommann Verlag, 1961), pp. 37–43Google Scholar. (Werke, XI).

15 Marx, Karl, Die Frühschriften (Stuttgart: Alfred Kroner Verlag, 1953), p. 537Google Scholar; Lukacs, , Schriften, pp. 612–613Google Scholar.

16 Kolakowski, Alienation, Chap. I.

17 Marx, Karl, Das Kapital (Berlin, 1961), Bd. I, p. 389, n. 89Google Scholar.

18 Ibid.; Marx, , Frühschriften, p. 208Google Scholar; Hegel, George W. F., Enzyklopadie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Gundrisse (Stuttgart: Fr. Frommanns Verlag, 1956), pp. 301–310Google Scholar. (Werke, VI).

19 Marx, , Das Kapital, Bd. I, p. 389, n. 89Google Scholar; Marx, , Fruhschriften, p. 208, Chaps. III, VIGoogle Scholar; Werke, VI, pp. 281-300; Hegel, George W. F., Grundli mien der Philosophie des Rechtes (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1964), pp. 262–286Google Scholar.

20 Hegel, George W., Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundriss (1830) (Hamburg: Verlag von Felix Meiner, 1959), pp. 431–432Google Scholar; Marx, , Frühschriften, p. 208Google Scholar; Marx, , Das Kapital, I, p. 389, n. 89Google Scholar.

21 Marcuse, Reason, Part II, Chap. I.

22 Marcuse, Herbert, Counter-Revolution and Revolt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), Chap. IGoogle Scholar.

23 Marx, , Das Kapital, I, p. 389, n. 89Google Scholar.

24 Ibid.; Werke, XV, pp. 19–100Google Scholar; Bettis, Dabney, Phenomenology of Religion (New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1969), Chaps. II, III, IVGoogle Scholar.

25 Marx, , Das Kapital, I, p. 389, n. 89Google Scholar.

26 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 562Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Wissenschaft der Logik (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1964), II, pp. 5–65Google Scholar. (Werke, V). Marx, Die Frühschriften, Chap. X.

27 Werke, VII, pp. 310–323Google Scholar.

28 Ibid., pp. 320, 310, 323, 435-436, 446.

29 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 562Google Scholar; Hegel, , Enzyklopädie, pp. 112, 440, 83Google Scholar; Werke, VIII, pp. 261–456Google Scholar.

30 Schmidt, , “Die Zeitschrift,” 9*Google Scholar; Heer, Friedrich, “Hegel und die Jugend,” in FH 22, 5 (Mai 1967), p. 324Google Scholar; Lichtheim, From Marx, Chaps. 1, 2, 3.

31 Hegel, Georg W. F., Wissenschaft der Logik (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1965), I, pp. 45–46Google Scholar. (Werke, IV.)

32 Werke, V, pp. 35–65Google Scholar.

33 Marx, Karl/Engels, Friedrich, Werke (Berlin, 1963), Bd. 29, p. 561Google Scholar.

34 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 324Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Phänomenologie des Geistes (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1964), pp. 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 40, 43, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55, 66Google Scholar. (Werke, II); Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1965), pp. 61–66Google Scholar.

35 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 324Google Scholar, Werke, II, pp. 81–138, 182–334Google Scholar.

36 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 324Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1965), pp. 551–661Google Scholar. (Werke, XIX).

37 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 334Google Scholar.

38 Ibid; Werke, V, pp. 5–65Google Scholar.

39 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 334Google Scholar.

40 Küng, Hans, Menschwerdung Gottes (Freiburg: Herder, 1970), p. 36Google Scholar; Coreth, E., Das Dialektische Sein in Hegel's Logik (Wien, 1952), pp. 16, 17Google Scholar.

41 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 334Google Scholar.

42 Marx, /Engels, , Werke, p. 561Google Scholar; Coreth, , Das Dialektische Sein, pp. 16, 17Google Scholar.

43 Blackney, Raymond B., Meister Eckhart (New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1941), p. xiiiGoogle Scholar.

44 Ibid.; Werke, XIX, pp. 368–441Google Scholar; Horkheimer, , Zur Kritik, pp. 248–268Google Scholar; Schopenhauer, Arthur, Parerga and Paralipomena (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), Chaps. V, X, XII, XV, XVIIIGoogle Scholar.

45 Blackney, , Meister Eckhart, p. xiiiGoogle Scholar; Werke, XVII, pp. 343–370Google Scholar.

46 Küng, , Menschwerdung, pp. 522–557Google Scholar; Werke, XVII, pp. 343–370, 306–316Google Scholar.

47 Werke, XVII, p. 344Google Scholar.

48 Pazanin, Ante, “Das Problem der Geschichte bei Husserl, Hegel und Marx,” in Diemel, Walter (ed.), Phänomenologie Heute (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1968), p. 182Google Scholar; Küng, , Menschwerdung, pp. 498–500Google Scholar; Theunissen, Michael, Hegel's Lehre vom absoluten Geist als theologisch-politischer Traktat (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Co., 1970), VII–XI, pp. 3–26, 27–59, 61–100CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Werke, XIX, pp. 162–171,173–174Google Scholar; Werke, XV, pp. 114, 228Google Scholar; Werke, II, pp. 11–66Google Scholar.

49 Werke, IV, p. 228Google Scholar; Werke, XIX, p. 169Google Scholar.

50 Werke, XV, p. 228Google Scholar.

51 Ibid.; Werke, V, pp. 35–65, 327–353Google Scholar.

52 Werke, XIX, pp. 169, 162–169, 173–174, 178–180Google Scholar; Werke, XV, p. 328Google Scholar.

53 Heer, , “Hegel,” p. 334Google Scholar; Marx, /Engels, , Werke, p. 561Google Scholar; Hegel, , Werke, XV, p. 328Google Scholar.

54 Schmidt, , “Die Zeitschrift,” 9*Google Scholar; Lichtheim, From Marx, Chaps. 1, 4, 9.

55 Kolakowski, The Alienation, Chaps. 1 and 8; Werke, II, pp. 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56Google Scholar.

56 Horkheimer, Max, Critical Theory (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972), pp. 129–131Google Scholar; Werke, XV, pp. 228, 104–114Google Scholar; Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar; Moltmann, Jurgen, “Einleitung,” in Gardavsky, Vitezslav, Gott ist nicht ganz tot (München: Chr. Kaiser Verlag, 1969), pp. 7–14Google Scholar; Gollwitzer, Helmut, “Geleitwort,” in Machovec, Milan, Jesus fur Atheisten (Stuttgart: Kreuz Verlag, 1972), VII–XVIIGoogle Scholar.

57 Küng, , Menschwerdung, p. 35Google Scholar; Bloch, Ernst, Das Prinzip Hoffnung (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1959), Chap. 53Google Scholar; Bloch, Ernst, Expen'mentum Mundi (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1975), Chap. 43Google Scholar; Machovec, Jesus für Atheisten, Chap. I; Gardavsky, Gott, Part III.

58 Marx, Frühschriften, Chaps. III, VI, X; Horkheimer, Max, ed., Studien über Autorität und Familie (Paris: Librairie Felix Alean, 1936), pp. 3–76, 196–226Google Scholar; Horkheimer, Zur Kritik, Part II.

59 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar; Adorno, /Kogon, , “Offenbarung,” pp. 392–402, 484–498Google Scholar; Fromm, Erich, You Shall be as Gods (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1966), pp. 181–185Google Scholar; Marcuse, Herbert, “Marxism and New Humanity: An Unfinished Revolution,” in Raines, J. C. and Dean, T., Marxism and Radical Religion (Philadelphia: Temple University, 1970), pp. 9–10Google Scholar.

60 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 562Google Scholar.

61 Ibid.; Tillich, Paul, Review of Herbert Marcuse, Reason and Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1941)Google Scholar, in Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung IX, p. 478Google Scholar; Marx, , Frühschriften, pp. 58–60,107, 325, 326, 327, 341Google Scholar; Hegel, , Enzyklopädie, p. 85Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Wissenschaft der Logik (Hamburg: Verlag von Felix Meiner, 1963), I, pp. 24, 31, 90, 170, 172, 182Google Scholar.

62 Marx, Karl, The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (New York: International Publishers, 1972), pp. 15–135Google Scholar; Freud, Sigmund, On Creativity and the Unconscious (New York: Harper and Row, 1958), Chaps. 1, 2, 3Google Scholar.

63 Werke, XV, pp. 67–68Google Scholar.

64 Ibid., pp. 67-68, 145.

65 Ibid., p. 131; Schleiermacher, Friedrich, “Religion as a Faculty,” in Bettis, Phenomenology, pp. 139–168Google Scholar.

66 Werke, XV, p. 68Google Scholar.

67 Marx, , Frühschriften, p. 208Google Scholar.

68 Lukacs, , Schriften, p. 613Google Scholar.

69 Werke, XV, p. 183Google Scholar.

70 Ibid., p. 184.

71 Ibid.

72 Ibid.; Schleiermacher, , “Religion,” pp. 139–168Google Scholar.

73 Marx, , Die Frühschriften, p. 208Google Scholar.

74 Lukacs, , Schriften, p. 613Google Scholar.

75 Werke, XV, p. 184Google Scholar.

76 Ibid., pp. 184-185.

77 Ibid., p. 185; Werke, II, pp. 81–138Google Scholar.

78 Lukacs, , Schriften, pp. 612–622Google Scholar; Gardavsky, Gott, Part I; Machovec Jesus, Chaps. IV, V, VI; Horkheimer, , Critical Theory, pp. 129–131Google Scholar; Horkheimer, , Notizen, pp. 92–93, 96–97Google Scholar; Schmidt, Die Religion, Chaps. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9; Bloch, Experimentum, Chap. 43; Bloch, Das Prinzip, p. 53.

79 Adorno, Negative Dialektik, Part II.

80 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar.

81 Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chap. 53.

82 Horkheimer, , Notizen, pp. 62, 63, 65, 68–69Google Scholar; Bloch, Subject, Chaps. 1-3.

83 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar.

84 Werke, XV, p. 34Google Scholar; Küng, , Menschwerdung, pp. 523–524, 558Google Scholar; Küng, Hans, Christ sein München: R Piper and Co., 1974), p. 285Google Scholar.

85 Werke, XV, pp. 68, 114Google Scholar.

86 Hegel, Georg W. F., Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1965), pp. 359–553Google Scholar; (Werke, XVI); Küng, , Menschwerdung, p. 500Google Scholar.

87 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–60Google Scholar.

88 Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chap. 53; Bloch, Ernst, Man on His Own (New York: Herder and Herder, 1970), Chap. 8Google Scholar; Bloch, Experimentum, Chap. 43.

89 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, p. 76Google Scholar.

90 Ibid., pp. 62-63; Horkheimer, Max, Aus Der Pubertät (München: Kosel Verlag, 1974), pp. 89–145Google Scholar.

91 Gardavsky, Gott, Part I; Machovec Jesus, Chaps. IV, V, VI; Strolz, Talter, “Sinnfrage nichtgiaubender Juden,” in FH 31, 3 (March 1976), pp. 26–27Google Scholar.

92 Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chap. 53; Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar.

93 Höflich, Egbert, “Karl Marx für die Kirche,” in FH 24, 11 (November 1969), pp. 777–785Google Scholar; Höflich, Egbert, “Heilsverkündigung als politische Gewissensbildung,” in FH 24, 12 (December 1969), pp. 843–854Google Scholar; Reding, Marcel, “Utopie, Phantasie, Prophesie—Das Prinzip Hoffnung im Marxismus,” in FH 16, 1 (January 1961), pp. 8–13Google Scholar; Kasper, Walter, “Politische Utopie und christliche Hoffnung,” in FH 24, 8 (August 1969), pp. 563–572Google Scholar.

94 Dirks, , “Familie,” p. 478Google Scholar; Bloch, Ernst, Subjekt-Objekt. Erläuterungen zu Hegel (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1961), Chaps. 11,12,13,14,16Google Scholar; Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chap. 53.

95 Bloch, Subjekt, Chaps. 11-14; Bloch, Experimentum, Chap. 43; Theunissen, Hegel's Lehre, Chaps. I, II, III, IV; WW 2, pp. 108-138, 158-181, 355-516, 317-601; Tillich, , Review, pp. 477–478Google Scholar; Bloch, Subjekt, Chap. 16.

96 Reding, , “Utopie,” pp. 11–12Google Scholar.

97 Horkheimer, Max, “Zu Theodor Haecker: Der Christ und die Geschichte,” in Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung V, p. 380Google Scholar.

98 Adorno, /Kogon, , “Offenbarung,” p. 498Google Scholar.

99 Bloch, Subjekt, Chap. 16; Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chap. 53; Bloch, Man on His Own, Chaps. 3, 4, 5, 8; Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar.

100 Adorno, Theodor, Negative Dialektik (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1966), pp. 293–351Google Scholar.

101 Bloch, Subjekt, Chap. 16; Habermas, Jürgen, “Hegel's Kritik der Fransösischen Revolution,” in Habermas, Jürgen, Theorie und Praxis (Neuwied, 1963), pp. 89–107Google Scholar.

102 Habermas, , “Hegel's Kritik,” pp. 89–107Google Scholar; Küng, , Menschwerdung Gottes, pp. 58–59Google Scholar; Theunissen, , Hegel's Lehre, pp. 9–10Google Scholar.

103 Werke, XI, pp. 88–120, 129Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Die Vernunft in der Geschichte (Hamburg, 1955), pp. 149–157Google Scholar.

104 Werke, II, pp. 18–19Google Scholar.

105 Werke, VII, pp. 435–436Google Scholar.

106 Ibid., pp. 277-278.

107 Hegel, Georg W. F., Asthetik (Frankfurt am Main: Europaische Verlansanstalt, 1952), II, p. 423Google Scholar; Werke, XI, pp. 129–130Google Scholar.

108 Werke, II, p. 18Google Scholar.

109 Horkheimer, , Die Sehnsucht, pp. 54–89Google Scholar; Flechtheim, Ossip, Futurologie, Der Kampf um die Zukunft (Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1971), pp. 37, 309–397Google Scholar.

110 Bloch, , Subjekt, 12, Part IIIGoogle Scholar; Habermas, , “Hegel's Kritik,” pp. 89–107Google Scholar.

111 Werke, XI, pp. 129–130Google Scholar.

112 Bloch, Subjekt,; Habermas, , “Hegel's Kritik,” pp. 89–107Google Scholar.

113 Metz, Johannes B., Theology of the World (New York: Seabury Press), pp. 98–100Google Scholar.

114 Werke, XI, pp. 129-130, 149Google Scholar; Hegel, , Ästhetik, II, p. 423Google Scholar; Adorno, Theodor W., Drei Studien zu Hegel (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1969), p. 22Google Scholar.

115 Werke, VII, pp. 35–36Google Scholar; Rombach, Heinrich, “Die Religionsphänomenologie,” in Theooiogie und Philosophie, 1973, p. 483Google Scholar.

116 Bloch, Ernst, A Philosophy of the Future (New York: Herder and Herder, 1970), Chap. 10Google Scholar.

117 Flechtheim, , Futurologie, pp. 21, 24, 27, 31, 44, 47, 47–48, 58–59, 85, 87, 116, 215Google Scholar.

118 Werke, XI, pp. 129–130Google Scholar; Metz, , Theology, pp. 98–100Google Scholar.

119 Werke, VII, pp. 36–37Google Scholar.

120 Werke, II, p. 118Google Scholar.

121 Bloch, , Subjekt, p. 12Google Scholar.

122 Bloch, Philosophy, Chap. 10.

123 Bloch, Subjekt, Chaps. 20-23; Habermas, , “Hegel's Kritik,” pp. 89–107Google Scholar.

124 Werke, VI, pp. 349–490Google Scholar; Hegel, Georg W. F., Vermischte Schriften aus der Berliner Zeit Stuttgart, 1958), pp. 473–522Google Scholar. (Werke, XX); Küng, , Menschwerdung, pp. 356–363Google Scholar; Siebert, Rudolf J., “Hegel, the Rebellion and Counter-Rebellion of Youth,” in Perspectives, 3, 2 (Fall, 1971), pp. 53–77Google Scholar.

125 Siebert, , “Hegel,” pp. 53–77Google Scholar.

126 Werke, XI, p. 46Google Scholar; Theunissen, “Hegel's Lehre,” Chaps. I, II, III, IV.

127 Marx, , Die Frühschriften, pp. 339–341Google Scholar.

128 Bloch, Das Prinzip, Chaps. 53-55; Bloch, , Der Geist der Utopie, pp. 391–445Google Scholar.

129 Adorno, , Negative Dialektik, p. 13Google Scholar.

130 Bloch, , A Philosophy, p. 10Google Scholar; Bloch, Man, Chaps. 5, 6, 7, 8; Bloch, , Experimentum, p. 43Google Scholar.