¹ Burtchaell, James Tunstead, Philemon's Problem: The Daily Dilemma of the Christian (Chicago, IL: ACTA Foundation for Adult Catechetical Teaching Aids, 1973).Google Scholar Hereafter Burtchaell, Daily Dilemma I wish to express gratitude to Ellen S. Ryan who read this essay and improved it by both her editorial suggestions and her own dedication to transformation.

² Burtchaell, James, Philemon's Problem: A Theology of Grace. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998).Google Scholar Hereafter Burtchaell, Theology of Grace.

³ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 333–34.Google Scholar

⁴ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 3;Google Scholar and Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 176.Google Scholar

⁵ Haughton, Rosemary, The Transformation of Man: A Study of Conversion and Community (Springfield, IL: Templegate, 1967).Google Scholar Later references are to this edition.

⁶ Haughton, Rosemary, in a new preface to a new printing of The Transformation of Man: A Study of Conversion and Community (Springfield, IL: Templegate, 1980), i.Google Scholar

⁷ Haughton, Rosemary, Images for Change: The Transformation of Society (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist, 1997).Google Scholar

⁸ Ibid., 83.

⁹ Haughton, , Transformation, 114–15 (text rearranged).Google Scholar

¹⁰ Ibid., 7.

¹¹ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 117, 137, 176, 224, 303Google Scholar, and throughout. Also see Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 97.Google Scholar

¹² Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 301.Google Scholar

¹³ Haughton, , Transformation, 38.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Ibid., 256.

¹⁵ Ibid., 39.

¹⁶ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace1, 306.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Haughton, , Transformation, 104.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Haughton, , Images, 193–94.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 79, 111;Google Scholar for the Hiroshima story, see also Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 203–04.Google Scholar

²⁰ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 242.Google Scholar

²¹ Ibid., 154.

²² Haughton, , Transformation, 114.Google Scholar

²³ Ibid., 60.

²⁴ Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 176;Google Scholar and Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 3.Google Scholar

²⁵ Haughton, , Transformation, 35.Google Scholar

²⁶ Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 96;Google Scholar see also Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 176.Google Scholar

²⁷ Haughton, , Transformation, 150.Google Scholar

²⁸ Ibid., 246.

²⁹ Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 37;Google Scholar see also Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 85f.Google Scholar

³⁰ Haughton, , Transformation, 94.Google Scholar

³¹ Burtchaell, , Daily Dilemma, 169.Google Scholar

³² Haughton, , Images, 130.Google Scholar

³³ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 332.Google Scholar

³⁴ Ibid., 287, 291.

³⁵ Haughton, , Images, 46.Google Scholar

³⁶ Ibid., 175, 187-89.

³⁷ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 13, 155, 302.Google Scholar

³⁸ Ibid., 333.

³⁹ Ibid., 308.

⁴⁰ Burtchaell, James Tunstead, “Community Experience as Source of Christian Ethics” in his The Giving and Taking of Life—Essays Ethical (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989), 41.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Meilander, Gilbert, “Discerning…. to a point. A review of Burtchaell's The Giving and Taking of Life.” First Things 2 (04 1990): 47.Google Scholar

⁴² This is not in the least meant to deny the need for authority in the believing community. Elsewhere, I suggest an understanding of moral doctrinal authority in the institutional Catholic Church: “Is it not an underemphasized role of the pastoral magisterium of the church to remind all of us that our experience will mislead and not teach unless we are surrendering to the transformational work of divinely infused virtue in us? Without this reminder, human experience is set up as the new tyrant of moral knowing, replacing second scholasticism's pretended objectivity of syllogistic inference….

Does not the pastoral magisterium function precisely in the ecclesial role of reminding all of us that only in the communio sanctorum, only as members of those being transformed by our communion in the holy things of God, do we have a ghost of a chance of finding a ‘substantial and not accidental’ interpretation of our experience” (“ ‘New terrain’ and a 'stumbling stone’ in Redemptorist Contributions to Gaudium et Spes: On Relating and Juxtaposing Truth's Formulation and Its Experience” Studia Moralia 35 [1997]: 42–43Google Scholar).

The phrase “substantial and not accidental” that appears in the citation above comes from a remarkable essay demonstrating just how difficult Aquinas thought it is for human beings to achieve anything like real knowledge. See Durbin, Paul, “The Simple Understanding of Quidditas” in Summa Theologiae, The Blackfriars Edition.Google Scholar Latin text with an English translation, 12 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1958): 171.

It is Burtchaell's Thomistic understanding of truth that Meilander misconstrues. As Burtchaell has put it: “The authentic and sound Christian tradition would insist that ethical truth must be discerned, not decided” (“Community Experience as Source of Christian Ethics,” 9).

⁴³ Haughton, , Images, 144.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Haughton, , Transformation, 114.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ “Sermones enim morales universales sunt minus utiles, eo quod actiones in particularibus sunt” (Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, II-II, Prologus).

⁴⁶ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 267.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Haughton, , Images, 162.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Ibid., 52.

⁴⁹ Ibid., 26.

⁵⁰ Ibid., 193-94.

⁵¹ Ibid., 130-31.

⁵² Ibid., 159-60.

⁵³ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 32.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ See Haughton, , Images, 160.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Burtchaell, , Theology of Grace, 8.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Ibid., 173.

⁵⁷ Ibid., 334.

⁵⁸ Haughton, , Images, 140, 144.Google Scholar