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Active Surveillance Cultures and Decolonization to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2016

Victor O. Popoola ,
Elizabeth Colantuoni ,
Nuntra Suwantarat ,
Rebecca Pierce ,
Karen C. Carroll ,
Susan W. Aucott  and
Aaron M. Milstone
Victor O. Popoola
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Elizabeth Colantuoni
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Nuntra Suwantarat
Affiliation:
Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Rebecca Pierce
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Karen C. Carroll
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Susan W. Aucott
Affiliation:
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Aaron M. Milstone*
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Address correspondence to Aaron M. Milstone, MD, MHS, Johns Hopkins Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 200 N Wolfe St/Rubenstein 3141, Baltimore, MD 21287 (amilsto1@jhmi.edu).
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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections in neonates.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the impact of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) decolonization on the incidence of MSSA infection and to measure the prevalence of mupirocin resistance.

METHODS

We retrospectively identified neonates admitted to a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from April 1, 2011, through September 30, 2014. We compared rates of MSSA-positive cultures and infections before and after implementation of an active surveillance culture and decolonization intervention for MSSA-colonized neonates. We used 2 measurements to identify the primary outcome, NICU-attributable MSSA: (1) any culture sent during routine clinical care that grew MSSA and (2) any culture that grew MSSA and met criteria of the National Healthcare Safety Network’s healthcare-associated infection surveillance definitions. S. aureus isolates were tested for mupirocin susceptibility. We estimated incidence rate ratios using interrupted time-series models.

RESULTS

Before and after the intervention, 1,523 neonates (29,220 patient-days) and 1,195 neonates (22,045 patient-days) were admitted to the NICU, respectively. There was an immediate reduction in the mean quarterly incidence rate of NICU-attributable MSSA-positive clinical cultures of 64% (incidence rate ratio, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.19–0.70]) after implementation of the intervention, and MSSA-positive culture rates continued to decrease by 21% per quarter (incidence rate ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74–0.84]). MSSA infections also decreased by 73% immediately following the intervention implementation (incidence rate ratio, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.10–0.79]). No mupirocin resistance was detected.

CONCLUSION

Active surveillance cultures and decolonization may be effective in decreasing S. aureus infections in NICUs.

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):381–387

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 37 , Issue 4 , April 2016 , pp. 381 - 387
Copyright
© 2016 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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