Glutaraldehyde was first synthesized by Harries and Tank in 1908, and first marketed as a chemosterilizer in 1963. Since that time, glutaraldehyde has been used extensively as a disinfectant and chemical sterilizing solution. Even though it is generally agreed that moist heat is the preferred method of sterilization for medical, dental and hospital instruments, glutaraldehyde is a relatively safe, simple-to-use and effective chemical solution that can sterilize heat-sensitive materials.

Glutaraldehyde (1,5-pentanedial) has two free aldehyde groups that combine irreversibly with bacterial cell membranes and enzyme systems. These properties give glutaraldehyde its biocidal effect. Contact time with glutaraldehyde is critical if sterilization, rather than disinfection, is to be achieved. Sterilization time ranges from minutes to ten hours, depending upon bacterial type and conditions of the test results. Sterilization with glutaraldehyde solutions usually requires prolonged contact times. Manufacturer instructions must be strictly followed.