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How to Limit the Spread of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Dominique Dormont
Dominique Dormont*
Affiliation:
Service de Neurovirologie, CEA/CRSSA/DSV/DRM, Cedex, France
*
Service de Neurovirologie, CEA/CRSSA/DSV/DRM, B.P. 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
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Abstract

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are rare lethal diseases induced in humans and animals by unconventional agents called transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents (TSEAs), virions, or prions. Several cases of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) have been reported in the literature after neuro-surgery, treatment with pituitary-derived hormones, corneal grafting, and use of dura mater lyophilisates. In a given infected individual, TSEA-associated infectiousness depends on the nature of the organ: the central nervous system has the highest infectiousness, spleen and lymph nodes a medium infectiousness, and organs such as bone, skin, or skeletal muscles do not harbor any detectable infectiousness in experimental models. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy/prions have unconventional properties; in particular, they resist almost all the chemical and physical processes that inactivate conventional viruses. Therefore, prevention of CJD agent transmission must be taken into account in daily hospital practice. Efficient sterilization procedures should be determined. In tissue and blood donation, donors with a neurologic history must be excluded, and patients treated with pituitary-derived hormones should be considered potentially infected with TSEA and excluded.

Type
From the Fourth International Conference on the Prevention of Infection
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 17 , Issue 8 , August 1996 , pp. 521 - 528
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1996

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