Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-18T12:21:08.302Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Radio Molecular Line Observations of Late Type Stars

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

A. Winnberg
A. Winnberg*
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 5300 Bonn 1, Federal Republic of Germany

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Radio observations of spectral lines from OH, H2O, SiO and CO have put the spot-light on late-type stars and revived the interest in them. Especially they have helped the understanding of the outer envelopes of these stars and of their mass loss. They also have revealed late-type stars that are hidden from observation at optical and near-infrared wavelengths by their dense surrounding shells of gas and dust. The strong maser lines from OH, H2O and SiO have additionally given us an excellent tool in mapping the distribution of late-type variables throughout the Galaxy. On the other hand, the interpretation of the maser amplified lines in terms of a model is difficult. Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) of these lines might be a way of studying the geometry and kinematics of the envelopes but there are a few problems connected with these observations which I will point out in this paper. However, recently “thermal” microwave lines of SiO and CO have been observed from late-type stars. These lines might be easier to interpret regarding physical processes in the outer circumstellar envelopes. As so often when a new field is opening up in astronomy the solutions to several old problems have been found but at the same time many more new problems have been brought up.

Type
Part III: Evolved Stars
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 42: The Interaction of Variable Stars with their Environment , 1977 , pp. 495 - 520
Copyright
Copyright © Veröff. Der Remeis-Sterwarte 1977

References

Andersson, C., Johansson, L. E. B., Goss, W. M., Winnberg, A., and Nguyen-Q-Rieu, : 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 30, 475 Google Scholar
Balister, M., Batchelor, R. A., Haynes, R. F., Knowles, S. H., McCulloch, M. G., Robinson, B. J., Wellington, K. J., and Yabsley, D. E.: 1977, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 180, 415 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baudry, A., LeSqueren, A. M., and Lêpine, J. R. D.: 1977, Astron. Astrophys. 54, 593 Google Scholar
Becklin, E. E., Frogel, J. A., Hyland, A. R., Kristian, J., and Neugebauer, G.:1969, Astrophys. J. 158, L133 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, G. N., and Dickinson, D. F.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 215, 552 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blerkom, D. Van, , and Auer, L.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 204, 775 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowers, P. F.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. 39, 473 Google Scholar
Bowers, P. F., and Kerr, F. J.: 1977, Astron. Astrophys. 57, 115 Google Scholar
Buhl, D., Snyder, L. E., Lovas, F. J., and Johnson, D. R.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 192, L97 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhl, D., Snyder, L. E., Lovas, F. J., and Johnson, D. R.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 201, L29 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caswell, J. L.: 1974, in Galactic Radio Astronomy, eds. Kerr, F. J. and Simonson, S. C. III, p. 423 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, J. H., Blair, G. N., van Till, H., and Thaddeus, P.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 190, L117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, D. F., and Kleinmann, S. G.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 214, L135 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, D. F., Kollberg, E., and Yngvesson, S.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, 131 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eliasson, B., and Bartlett, J. F.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 155, L79 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elitzur, M., Goldreich, P., and Scoville, N.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 205, 384 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geballe, T. R., and Townes, C. H..: 1974, Astrophys. J. 191, L37 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Genzel, R., and Downes, D.: 1977 a, Astron. Astrophys., in pressGoogle Scholar
Genzel, R., and Downes, D.: 1977 b, Astron. Astrophys. 61, 117 Google Scholar
Goldreich, P., and Scoville, N.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 205, 144 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goon, G., and Auman, J. R.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 161, 533 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, S. S., Moran, J. M., Reid, M. J., Johnston, K. J., Spencer, J. H., and Walker, R. C.: 1977, Astrophys. J., in pressGoogle Scholar
Harvey, P. M., Bechis, K. P., Wilson, W. J., and Ball, J. A.: 1974 a, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 27, 331 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, P. J., Booth, R. S., Davies, R. D., Whittet, D. C. B., and McLaughlin, W.: 1974 b, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 169, 545 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbig, G. H.: 1969, Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège 19, 13 Google Scholar
Herbig, G. H.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 172, 375 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbig, G. H., and Zappala, R. R.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 162, L15 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinkle, K. H., Barnes, T. G., Lambert, D. L., and Beer, R.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 210, L141 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyland, A. R.: 1974, in Galactic Radio Astronomy, eds. Kerr, F. J. and Simonson, S. C. III, p. 439 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaifu, N., Buhl, D., and Snyder, L. E.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 195, 359 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowles, S. H., and Batchelor, R. A.: 1976, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 174, 69P CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuiper, T. B. H., Knapp, G. R., Knapp, S. L., and Brown, R. L.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 204, 408 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwan, J., and Hill, F.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 215, 781 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwan, J., and Scoville, N.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 194, L97 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwok, S.:1976, J. Roy. Astron. Soc. Can. 70, 49 Google Scholar
Litvak, M. M.: 1969, Science 165, 855 Google Scholar
Litvak, M. M., and Dickinson, D. F.: 1972, Astrophys. L. 12, 113 Google Scholar
Masheder, M. R. W., Booth, R. S., and Davies, R. D.: 1974, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 166, 561 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, R. X., Balister, M., and Newton, L. M.: 1977 a, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 180, 585 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, R. X., Newton, L. M., and Brooks, J.W.: 1977 b, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 180, 91P CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. S.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 161, L95 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, J. M., Johnston, K. J., Spencer, J. H., and Schwartz, P. R.: 1977 a, Astrophys. J., in pressGoogle Scholar
Moran, J. M., Ball, J. A., Yen, J. L., Schwartz, P. R., Johnston, K. J., and Knowles, S. H: 1977 b, Astrophys. J. 211, 160 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, M.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 197, 603 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, M., and Alcock, C.: 1977, Astrophys. J., in pressGoogle Scholar
Morris, M., Gilmore, W. S., Palmer, P., Turner, B. E., and Zuckerman, B. M.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, L47 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, M., Zuckerman, B. M., Palmer, P., and Turner, B. E.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 170, L110 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olnon, F. M.: 1977, PhD Thesis, University of Leiden Google Scholar
Pataki, L., and Kolena, J.: 1974, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 6, 340 Google Scholar
Reid, M. J.: 1975, PhD Thesis, California Institute of Technology Google Scholar
Reid, M. J., and Dickinson, D. F.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 209, 505 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, M. J., Muhleman, D. O., Moran, J. M., Johnston, K. J., and Schwartz, P. R.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 214, 60 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridgeway, S. T., Wells, D. C. and Joyce, R. R.: 1977, Astron.J. 82,414 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, P. R., Harvey, P. M., and Barrett, A. H.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 187, 491 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slutz, S.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 210, 750 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, L. E., and Buhl, D.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 189, L31 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snyder, L. E., and Buhl, D.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 197, 329 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, P. M., Jefferts, K. B., Penzias, A. A., and Wilson, R.W.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 163, L53 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toombs, R. I., Becklin, E. E., Frogel, J. A., Law, S. K., Porter, F. C. and Westphal, J. A.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 173, L71 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, K. D., Kutner, M. L., and Thaddeus, P.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 193, L115 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, B. E., Zuckerman, B. M., Palmer, P., and Morris, M.: 1973, Astrophys. J. 186, 123 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallerstein, G.: 1975, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 29, 375 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallerstein, G.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 211, 170 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, W. J., and Barrett, A.H.: 1972, Astron. Astrophys. 17, 385 Google Scholar
Wilson, W. J., Barrett, A. H., and Moran, J. M.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 160, 545 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. E., and Merrill, P.W.: 1942, Astrophys. J. 95, 248 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, W. J., Schwartz, P. M., and Epstein, E. E.:1973, Astrophys. J. 183, 871 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, W. J., Schwartz, P. R., Neugebauer, G., Harvey, P. M., and Becklin, E. E.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 177, 523 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. W., Solomon, P. M., Penzias, A. A., and Jefferts, K. B.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 169, L35 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Gilra, D. P., Turner, B. E., Morris, M., and Palmer, P.:1976, Astrophys. J. 205, L15 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, B., Palmer, P., Morris, M., Turner, B. E., Gilra, D. P., Bowers, P. F., and Gilmore, W.: 1977, Astrophys. J. 211, L97 CrossRefGoogle Scholar