The requirements on gratings and coatings for astronomical use differ from the general industrial requirements primarily in the scale of the components to be fabricated. Telescopes have large primary mirrors which require large coating plants to handle the components. Dispersive elements are driven by the requirement to be efficient in the presence of large working apertures, and usually optimize to large size in order to efficiently use the incoming radiation. Beyond this, there is a “new” technology of direct electronic sensors that places specific limits upon the image scale that can be used at the output of a telescope system, whether direct imagery or spectrally divided imagery is to be examined. This paper will examine the state of the art in these areas and suggest some actions and decisions that will be required in order to apply current technology to the predicted range of large new telescopes.