1 See for example Chakrabarty, Dipesh, “Marx after Marxism: A Subaltern Historian's Perspective,” Economic and Political Weekly 28:22 (May 29, 1993), pp. 1094–96Google Scholar.

2 See Driscoll, Mark, “Looting the Theory Commons: Hardt and Negri's Commonwealth,” Postmodern Culture 21:1 (2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v021/21.1.driscoll.html.

3 Muraoka Iheiji 村岡伊平治. Muraoka Iheiji jiden 村岡伊平治自伝 (“Autobiography of Muraoka Iheiji”) (Tokyo: Nanpōsha, 1960).

4 Here is an example taken from Minakata Kumagusu zenshū 南方熊楠全集 volume 10 (“Collected Works of Minakata Kumagusu”), pp. 32–33 (Tokyo: Kengensha, 1951). This appears on p. 3 of Driscoll.

Original: 「學問せぬものは見聞狭く、何でもなきことを異様に信じ又申し觸し候。猴又熊を山男山猱など申すに似たること一つ申上候。當地近く東神と申す丘上の森中に立る神あり、それにホー ホーホーと鳴く鳥あり、此鳥鳴く夜は近傍で堅魚とれるとて「カツヲ鳥」と名け候。小生友人と行き聞くに何のこともなき木菟なり、当町の寫眞屋の裏の松の枝にもカツヲ鳥なくと漁夫等申し候。寫眞屋主人に聞くに木菟來るなり、自家の庭の事故毎に見及ぶ。又糞も全く木菟の糞なりと被申候。」

Driscoll: “People who aren't well-educated lack correct information. Let me just note one more thing about the issue of human giants. Here where I live there's a shrine where a bird makes the Ho! Ho! Ho! sound. A friend went to investigate for himself and it turned out to be a horned owl [mimizuku]. The stuff that's been left there is unmistakably horned owl shit.”

My translation: “Uneducated people are poorly informed, and have a curious habit of believing and spreading baseless notions. I'll mention one example, similar to how people mistake ordinary monkeys and bears for “mountain monsters” or “mountain monkeys.” There's a hilltop shrine in the woods near here called Higashi Shrine, where a bird cries, “Ho! Ho! Ho!” On nights when this bird calls out, the fishermen nearby apparently catch katsuo, so they call it the “katsuo bird.” I went with a friend to inquire into this and it turned out just to be a horned owl: The fishermen said a “katsuo bird” also calls out from the pine branches behind the photo studio in town. We asked the owner of the studio, who said that it was a horned owl – he sees it every time it shows up in his garden. He also said that the droppings had to be those of a horned owl.”