Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T23:43:43.410Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Strategies to Support the Interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Commercial Development of Gourmet Bush Food Products

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2016

Kylie Lingard*
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Agriculture and Law, University of New England, Australia
Paul Martin
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Agriculture and Law, University of New England, Australia
*

Abstract:

Indigenous groups and individuals may have different needs and aspirations in relation to their local plant foods (“bush foods”). Interests may reflect totemic relationships, customary rights and duties, social positions, political and economic motivations, and personal capacities. This article uses a systems method to identify strategies to support the diverse interests of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the commercial development of gourmet bush food products. The aim is to identify possibilities for further consideration by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Cultural Property Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner. 2005. Native Title Report. Canberra, Australia: Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC).Google Scholar
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner. 2008. Native Title Report. Canberra, Australia: HREOC.Google Scholar
Altman, Jon, and Larson, Libby. 2006. Indigenous Protected Areas Programme Review: Submission. Canberra, Australia: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research.Google Scholar
Anderson, Jane. 2010. Indigenous/Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual Property. Durham, NC: Center for the Study of the Public Domain.Google Scholar
Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2011. Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Canberra, Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics.Google Scholar
Australian Copyright Council. 2012. Recipes: Legal Protection. Redfern, Australia: Australian Copyright Council.Google Scholar
Australian Indigenous Minority Supplier Office Ltd Trading As Supply Nation. 2009. Certification Rules for the Supply Nation Certified Label. Canberra, Australia: Supply Nation.Google Scholar
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 1996. “Aboriginal Australia Map,” http://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/aboriginal-australia-map (accessed 22 December 2015).Google Scholar
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS). 2012. Guidelines for Ethical Research in Australian Indigenous Studies. Canberra, Australia: AIATSIS.Google Scholar
Australian Law Reform Commission. 2008. For Your Information: Australian Privacy Law and Practice. Canberra, Australia: Australian Law Reform Commission.Google Scholar
Australian Law Reform Commission. 2014. Serious Invasions of Privacy in the Digital Era. Canberra, Australia: Australian Law Reform Commission.Google Scholar
Bryceson, K. 2008. Value Chain Analysis of Bush Tomato and Wattle Seed Products. Alice Springs, Australia: Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre (DKCRC).Google Scholar
Calma, Tom. 2006. “The Integration of Customary Law into the Australian Legal System.” Paper presented at the National Indigenous Legal Conference, Sydney, Australia, 23 September.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Megan. 2004. “Intellectual Property Laws and Indigenous Peoples: Adapting Copyright Laws to the Needs of a Global Community.” Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal 7: 5178.Google Scholar
Cherikoff, Vic, and Isaacs, Jennifer. 1991. The Bush Food Handbook: How to Gather, Grow, Process and Cook Australian Wild Foods. Sydney: Ti Tree Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Michael. 2012. Australian Native Food Industry Stocktake. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Cleary, Jen. 2009. Perspectives on Developing New Cooperative Arrangements for Bush-Harvested Bush Tomatoes from Desert Australia. Alice Springs, Australia: DKCRC.Google Scholar
Cleary, Jen. 2012. “Business Exchanges in the Australian Desert: It’s About More Than the Money.” Journal of Rural and Community Development 7, no. 1: 115.Google Scholar
Cleary, Jen, Mcgregor, Murray, Bryceson, K., and James, C. D.. 2008. “Development of a Value-Driven Bush Foods Industry Chain That Rewards Aboriginal People.” Paper presented at the 21st International Grassland Congress and 8th International Rangeland Congress, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 28 June.Google Scholar
Cooney, Rosie, and Edwards, Melanie. 2009. Indigenous Wildlife Enterprise Development: The Regulation and Policy Context and Challenges. Darwin, Australia: North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance.Google Scholar
Council of Australian Governments. 2009. National Indigenous Reform Agreement (Closing The Gap). Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth.Google Scholar
Cunningham, A. B., Garnett, S. T., and Gorman, J.. 2009. “Policy Lessons from Practice: Australian Bush Products for Commercial Markets.” Geojournal 74, no. 5: 429–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Michael. 1996. Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Department of Aboriginal Affairs. 2005. Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage in Western Australia. Perth, Australia: Government of Western Australian Google Scholar
Department of Industry and Resources. 2004. The Path to Commercialisation: A Guide for Planning an Early Stage Innovation Project. Perth, Australia: Government of Western Australia.Google Scholar
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (DPMC). 2014. Indigenous Capability and Development Programme Guidelines. Canberra, Australia: DPMC.Google Scholar
Director of National Parks. 2012. Nagoya Protocol: A Win for the Environment and Business. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Drahos, Peter. 2011. “When Cosmology Meets Property: Indigenous People’s Innovation and Intellectual Property.” Prometheus 29, no. 3: 233–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drahos, Peter, and Frankel, Susy (eds). 2012. Indigenous Peoples’ Innovation: Intellectual Property Pathways to Development. Canberra, Australia: Australia National University ePress.Google Scholar
Evans, Louis, Scott, Harry, Muir, Kado, and Briscoe, John. 2009. “Effective Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge of Plants and Their Uses: An Example from Australia.” Geojournal 74: 391401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Food Standards Australia New Zealand. 2013. Guidance Tool for Determining Whether a Food Is Novel or Not. Canberra, Australia: Food Standards Australia New Zealand.Google Scholar
Geels, F. W., Monaghan, A., Eames, M., and Steward, F.. 2008. The Feasibility of Systems Thinking in Sustainable Consumption and Production Policy: A Report for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. London: Brunel University.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Brian. 2006. The Indigenous Protected Areas Programme Evaluation. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Githaiga, Joseph. 1998. “Intellectual Property Law and the Protection of Indigenous Folklore and Knowledge.” Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law 5, no. 2, http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/1998/13.html.Google Scholar
Gorman, Julian, Griffiths, Anthony, and Whitehead, Peter. 2006. “An Analysis of the Use of Plant Products for Commerce in Remote Aboriginal Communities of Northern Australia.” Economic Botany 60, no. 4: 362–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, Anil. 2004. WIPO-UNEP Study on the Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Sharing of Benefits Arising from the Use of Biological Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and UN Environment Programme.Google Scholar
Hart, Paul T. 2011. “Rules for Reformers.” In Delivering Policy Reform Anchoring Significant Reforms in Turbulent Times, edited by Lindquist, Evert, Vincent, Sam, and Wann, John, 201. Canberra, Australia: Australia National University ePress.Google Scholar
Holcombe, Sarah, Yates, Peter, and Walsh, Fiona. 2011. “Reinforcing Alternative Economies: Self-Motivated Work By Central Anmatyerr People to Sell Katyerr (Desert Raisin, Bush Tomato) in Central Australia.” Rangeland Journal 33: 255–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howden, Kristen. 2001. “Indigenous Traditional Knowledge and Native Title.” University of New South Wales Law Journal 24, no. 1: 6084.Google Scholar
Innes, Graeme. 2009. “Human Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility.” Paper presented at the Everyday People, Everyday Rights Human Rights Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 16 March.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. 2010. Note on the Meanings of the Term “Public Domain” in the Intellectual Property System with Special Reference to the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions/Expressions of Folklore. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. 2012. Background Brief No. 2. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. 2014a. The Protection of Traditional Knowledge: Draft Articles. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. 2014b. The Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions: Draft Articles. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. 2014c. Consolidated Document Relating to Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Janke, Terri. 1998. Our Culture Our Future: A Report on Australian Indigenous Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights. Canberra, Australia: AIATSIS.Google Scholar
Janke, Terri. 2003. Minding Culture: Case Studies on Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Janke, Terri. 2008. “Guarding Ground: A Vision for a National Indigenous Cultural Authority.” Paper presented at the Wentworth Lecture, Canberra, Australia, 22 August.Google Scholar
Janke, Terri. 2009. Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Natural Resources in the Northern Territory: Report on the Current Status of Indigenous Intellectual Property. Darwin, Australia: Natural Resources Management Board.Google Scholar
Janke, Terri, and Dawson, Peter. 2012. New Tracks: Indigenous Knowledge and Cultural Expression and the Australian Intellectual Property System. Canberra, Australia: Intellectual Property Australia.Google Scholar
Jones, Jill. 2004. “Protecting Indigenous Heritage in the Face of Globalisation.” Indigenous Law Bulletin 6, no. 4: 46.Google Scholar
Joshi, Rajul, and Chelliah, John. 2013. “Sharing the Benefits of Commercialisation of Traditional Knowledge: What Are the Key Success Factors?” Intellectual Property Forum 93: 6066.Google Scholar
Laird, Sarah, and Wynberg, Rachel. 2009. Access and Benefit-Sharing in Practice: Trends in Partnerships across Sectors. Geneva: Convention on Biological Diversity.Google Scholar
Lee, Slade. 2012. “Horticultural Development of Bush Food Plants and Rights of Indigenous Traditional Custodians: The Australian Bush Tomato (Solanum Centrale) Case Study.” Rangeland Journal 34, no. 4: 359–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingard, Kylie. 2012. “The Impact of the Law on Consultation Practices and Purposes: A Case Study of Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Consultation in NSW.” Occasional Paper Series. International Journal of Rural Law and Policy 2012, no. 1: 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingard, Kylie. 2015. “Legal Support for the Interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Commercial Development of New Native Plant Varieties: Current Status and Future Options.” Australian Intellectual Property Journal 26: 3957.Google Scholar
Macklin, Jenny. 2009. Statement on the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples . Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Maggiore, Pat. 1993. “Analysis of Australian Aboriginal Bush Foods.” Australian Aboriginal Studies 1: 5558.Google Scholar
Maiden, Joseph Henry. 1889. The Useful Native Plants of Australia (Including Tasmania). Sydney: Technological Museum of New South Wales.Google Scholar
Marinova, Dora, and Raven, Margaret. 2006. “Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property: A Sustainability Agenda.” Journal of Economic Surveys 20, no. 4: 587605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Paul, and Craig, Donna. 2015. “Accelerating the Evolution of Environmental Law through Continuous Learning from Applied Experience.” In Implementing Environmental Law, edited by Martin, Paul and Kennedy, Amanda, 2749. London: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Paul, and Le Gal, Elodie. 2010. “Concepts for Industry Co-Regulation of Bio-Fuel Weeds.” IUCN Academy of Environmental Law E-journal 1: 113.Google Scholar
Martin, Paul, and Jeffrey, Michael. 2007. “Using a Legally Enforceable Knowledge Trust Doctrine to Fulfil the Moral Obligation to Protect Indigenous Secrets.” New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law 11: 131.Google Scholar
Martin, Paul, and Verbeek, Miriam. 2006. Sustainability Strategy. Sydney: Federation Press.Google Scholar
Merne, Altyerre-Ipenhe (Food from the Creation Time) Reference Group, Douglas, Josie, and Walsh, Fiona. 2011. Aboriginal People, Bush Foods Knowledge and Products from Central Australia: Ethical Guidelines for Commercial Bush Food Research, Industry and Enterprises. Alice Springs, Australia: DKCRC.Google Scholar
Miers, Geoff. 2004. Cultivation and Sustainable Wild Harvest of Bushfoods by Aboriginal Communities in Central Australia. Barton, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Morse, Jeremy, Janke, Terri, and Company. 2010. Know Your Rights to Your Aboriginal Plant Knowledge: A Guide for Aboriginal Knowledge Holders on Recording and Commercialising Aboriginal Plant Knowledge. Darwin, Australia: Aboriginal Bush Traders.Google Scholar
Morse, Jock. 2005. Bush Resources: Opportunities for Aboriginal Enterprise in Central Australia. Alice Springs, Australia: DKCRC and Central Land Council.Google Scholar
Munzer, Stephen, and Austiala, Kal. 2009. “The Uneasy Case for Intellectual Property Rights in Traditional Knowledge.” Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal 27: 3797.Google Scholar
National Health and Medical Research, Australian Research Council, and Universities Australia. 2007. Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
National Native Title Tribunal (NNTT). 2009. About the National Native Title Tribunal’s Registers. Sydney: NNTT.Google Scholar
Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2002. Nationally Consistent Approach for Access to and the Utilisation of Australia’s Native Genetic and Biochemical Resources. Canberra: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council. 2010. Australia’s Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010–2030. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. 2010. Competition Policy in Australia. Geneva: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development.Google Scholar
Posey, Darrell, and Dutfield, Graham. 1996. Beyond Intellectual Property: Toward Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.Google Scholar
Quarantine Domestic. 2014. Australian Interstate Quarantine: A Traveller’s Guide. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Rae, C. J. 1982. “The Role of Bush Foods in Contemporary Aboriginal Diets.” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Of Australia 7: 4549.Google Scholar
Reconciliation Australia. 2013. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples . Canberra, Australia: Reconciliation Australia.Google Scholar
Rimmer, Matthew. 2003. “Blame It on Rio: Biodiscovery, Native Title, and Traditional Knowledge.” Southern Cross University Law Review 7: 149.Google Scholar
Robinson, Daniel. 2012. “Biopiracy and the Innovations of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities.” In Indigenous Peoples’ Innovation, edited by Drahos, Peter and Frankel, Susy, 7794. Canberra, Australia: Australia National University ePress.Google Scholar
Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. 2009. The New Crop Industries Handbook: Native Foods. Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Secretariat for the Third Intersessional Working Group. 2011. WIPO Technical Study on Disclosure Requirements Concerning Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge. Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Sedlackoa, Michal, Martinuzzia, Andre, Røpkeb, Inge, Videirac, Nuno, and Antunes, Paula. 2014. “Participatory Systems Mapping for Sustainable Consumption: Discussion of a Method Promoting Systemic Insights.” Ecological Economics 106: 3343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiva, Vandana. 2001. Protect or Plunder: Understanding Intellectual Property Rights. London: Zed Books.Google ScholarPubMed
Simpson, Bradley, Claudie, David, Smith, Nicholas, Mckinnon, Ross, and Semple, Susan. 2013. “Learning from Both Sides: Experiences and Opportunities in the Investigation of Australian Aboriginal Medicinal Plants.” Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2: 259–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smallacombe, Sonia, Davis, Michael, and Quiggin, Robynne. 2007. Scoping Project on Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge. Alice Springs, Australia: DKCRC.Google Scholar
Smyth, Dermot. 2011. Indigenous Land and Sea Management: A Case Study. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs. 2008. Open for Business: Developing Indigenous Enterprises in Australia. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Science and Innovation. 2006. Inquiry into Pathways to Technological Innovation. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision. 2014. Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2014. Canberra, Australia: Productivity Commission.Google Scholar
Stewart, Kathy, and Percival, Bob. 1997. Bush Foods of New South Wales: A Botanic Record and an Aboriginal Oral History. Sydney: Royal Botanic Gardens.Google Scholar
Stoianoff, Natalie. 2009. “The Recognition of Traditional Knowledge under Australian Biodiscovery Regimes: Why Bother with Intellectual Property Rights?” In Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual Property Law in the Asia-Pacific Region, edited by Antons, Christoph, 293311. Zuidpoolsingel, Netherlands: Kluwer Law International.Google Scholar
Stoianoff, Natalie. 2012. “Navigating the Landscape of Indigenous Knowledge: A Legal Perspective.” Intellectual Property Forum 90: 2340.Google Scholar
Stoutjesdijk, Peter. 2013. Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Second National Report: Australia. Canberra: Australian Government.Google Scholar
UN Conference on Trade and Development. 2014. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol: Intellectual Property Implications. Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
Vivas-Eugui, David. 2012. Bridging the Gap on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources in WIPO’s Intergovernmental Committee (IGC). Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development.Google Scholar
Voumard, John. 2000. Access to Biological Resources in Commonwealth Areas. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government.Google Scholar
Waitangi Tribunal. 2011. Ko Aotearoa Tēnei: A Report into Claims Concerning New Zealand Law and Policy Affecting Māori Culture and Identity. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Justice.Google Scholar
West, Ida. 1985. “Bush Food.” Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal 9, no. 4: 2023.Google Scholar
Whitehead, P. J., Gorman, J., Griffiths, A. D., Wightman, G., Massarella, H., And Altman, J.. 2006. Feasibility of Small Scale Commercial Native Plant Harvests by Indigenous Communities . Canberra, Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation.Google Scholar
Winfield, Cathy. 1982. Bush Tucker: A Guide to, and Resources on, Traditional Aboriginal Foods of the North West of SA and Central Australia. Adelaide, Australia: Wattle Park Teachers Centre.Google Scholar
WIPO. 2001. Intellectual Property Needs and Expectations of Traditional Knowledge Holders: WIPO Report on Fact-Finding Missions on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge (1998–99). Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
WIPO. 2012. The World Intellectual Property Organization Traditional Knowledge Documentation Toolkit (Draft). Geneva: WIPO.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Lingard and Martin supplementary material

Figure

Download Lingard and Martin supplementary material(Image)
Image 7.7 MB