³ Vol. I “Preface” (p. x).Google Scholar

⁴ Id. Google Scholar

⁵ Conventions from 1815–1996 were reviewed for relevant criminal or penal matters, and 25 categories of international crimes were created. The 17 crimes covered here include: aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, unlawful use of weapons, mercenarism, apartheid, slavery, torture, unlawful human experimentation, piracy, aircraft hijacking, use of force against internationally protected persons, taking of civilian hostages, unlawful traffic in drugs, destruction and/or theft of national treasures, and unlawful acts against certain internationally protected elements of the environment. Those not covered include: crimes against UN and associated personnel, theft of nuclear materials, unlawful acts against the safety of maritime navigation and the safety of platforms on the high seas, unlawful use of the mail, international traffic in obscene materials, falsification and counterfeiting, unlawful interference with international submarine cables, and bribery of foreign public officials.Google Scholar