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Foreign Ships in Vulnerable Waters: Coastal Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Pollution with Special Reference to the Baltic Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2019

Kari Hakapää
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Extract

Protection and preservation of the marine environment is a topical issue around the Baltic Sea. Not least does it refer to vessel-source pollution. The Baltic Sea is a particularly vulnerable sea area with its narrow waters, often severe climatic conditions, and growing tanker traffic, especially to and from Russian ports at the far end of the Gulf of Finland. By way of example, oil transports in the Gulf of Finland tripled in 1995 to 2003, recently reaching to some 78 million tons a year.

Type
Articles
Information
International Journal of Legal Information , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , Summer 2005 , pp. 256 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 by the International Association of Law Libraries. 

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References

1 See The Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Oil and Chemical spill response in Finland: Increased risk for oil accidents, at http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=18074Ian=en.Google Scholar

2 In general, see e.g. Vessel-Source Pollution And Coastal State Jurisdiction. The Work Of The Ila Committee On Coastal State Jurisdiction Relating To Marine Pollution (1991-2000) (Franck, Erik ed. 2001); Molenaar, Erik Jaap, Coastal State Jurisdiction Over Vessel-Source Pollution (1998); Hakapää, Kari, Marine Pollution In International Law. Material Obligations And Jurisdiction With Special Reference To The Third United Nations Conference On The Law Of The Sea (1981).Google Scholar

3 See SopS (Finnish Treaty Series) 49-50/1996; 21 International Legal Materials 1245 (1982). In 1994, the Convention was complemented by the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI [on the deep seabed “Area”] of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982. See SopS 49-50/1996; 33 International Legal Materials 1309 (1994).Google Scholar

4 Articles 19, 24.Google Scholar

5 Art. 19 (2h).Google Scholar

6 See Art. 21.Google Scholar

7 See Vessel-Source Pollution And Coastal State Jurisdiction, supra n. 4, at 127.Google Scholar

8 See Art. 220.Google Scholar

9 Suomen, Laki Talousvyöhykkeestä (Law on the Finnish Economic Zone), SopS (Finnish Treaty Searies) 1058/2004.Google Scholar

10 Art. 197.Google Scholar

11 See Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) 50th SESSION: 1 AND 4 DECEMBER 2003, IMO meeting adopts accelerated single-hull tanker phase-out, new regulation on carriage of heavy fuel oil, at http://www.imo.org/Newsroom/mainframe.asp?topic_id=109&doc_id=3155.Google Scholar

12 Regulation 19.2.5, Chapter V of the Annex to the Convention, IMO Doc. MSC 73/21/Add.2 (2001).Google Scholar

13 In general, see Churchill, R. R.& Lowe, A. V.: The Law Of The Sea 257-263 (1999).Google Scholar

14 SopS 51/1983; 17 International Legal Materials 546 (1978) (amendments).Google Scholar

15 See Art. 211 (6), Art. 220 (8).Google Scholar

16 See Sops 11-12/1980; 13 International Legal Materials 585 (1974).Google Scholar

17 See SopS 2/2000 (amendments).Google Scholar

18 See Special Areas and Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, at http://www.imo.org/Environment/mainframe.asp?topic_id=760; Roach, J. Ashley Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas: Current Developments, in The StockholmGoogle Scholar

Declaration And Law Of The Marine Environment 311 (Nordquist, Myron H. Moore, John Norton & Mahmoudi, Said eds., 2003).Google Scholar

19 HELCOM Recommendation 25/7 (2 March 2004), available at http://www.helcom.fi/recommendations/Rec25-7.pdf.Google Scholar

20 See Oceans and the law of the sea. Report of the Secretary-General. UN GA A/58/65 (3 March 2003), para. 57.Google Scholar

21 52003DC0105 Communication from the Commission. Report to the European Council on action to deal with the effects of the Prestige disaster/*COM/2003/0105 final*/.Google Scholar

22 Brussels European Council 20 and 21 March 2003, Presidency Conclusions, Council of the European Union, Brussels, 5 May 2003.Google Scholar

23 On this, see Hakapää, Kari Jurisdictional Developments and the Law of the Sea Convention: Some Observations on Vessel-Source Pollution, in The Stockholm Declaration And Law Of The Marine Environment, supra n. 17, at 277.Google Scholar

24 See Art. 312.Google Scholar

25 See Art. 218.Google Scholar

26 See Molenaar, , supra n. 4, at 121-129.Google Scholar

27 Regulation (EC) No 1726/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2003 amending Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 on the accelerated phasing-in of double-hull or equivalent design requirements for single-hull oil tankers.Google Scholar