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The State and Its Competitors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2018

Lisa Anderson
Lisa Anderson*
Affiliation:
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York; e-mail: la8@columbia.edu
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Extract

For many in the Arab world, the modern European-style state is an awkward device, imposed after the demise of the Ottoman Empire and sustained for the succeeding century by little more than what Stephen Krasner famously called the “organized hypocrisy” of international sovereignty. In fact, the interwar efforts to fasten the institutions of European-style states to the populations of the region introduced several deeply dysfunctional dynamics into modern political life. They established expectations for government that would prove impossible to meet while imposing a system of rule that, far from creating citizens, often reinforced nonstate identities and created deep communal resentment and anger.

Type
Roundtable
Information
International Journal of Middle East Studies , Volume 50 , Issue 2 , May 2018 , pp. 317 - 322
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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References

NOTES

1 Krasner, Stephen, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 Broadcasts by Osama bin Laden in Anti-American Terrorism and the Middle East: A Documentary Reader, ed. Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).

3 Yale Law School, Covenant of the League of Nations, accessed 7 December 2017, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp.

4 Bonne, Alfred, State and Economics in the Middle East: With Special Reference to Conditions in Western Asia & India (New York: Routledge, 2013)Google Scholar.

5 World Bank, “Claiming the Future: Choosing Prosperity in the Middle East and North Africa” (report by the World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1995).

6 International Monetary Fund, “Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications” (policy paper by the International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C., 28 January 2013), accessed 7 December 2017, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Policy-Papers/Issues/2016/12/31/Energy-Subsidy-Reform-Lessons-and-Implications-PP4741. See also World Bank, “Corrosive Subsidies in MENA,” 12 November 2014, accessed 7 December 2017, http://blogs.worldbank.org/futuredevelopment/corrosive-subsidies-mena.

7 Christine Lagarde, “Moment of Opportunity—Delivering on Egypt's Aspirations” (speech, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, 13 March 2015), accessed 15 December 2017, https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/sp031315.

8 “Youth Unemployment in the Arab World,” Economist, 9 August 2016, accessed 7 December 2017, https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/08/daily-chart-7.

9 Amira Salah-Ahmed, “Egypt: The Challenge of the Unbanked,” The Africa Report, 12 October 2015, accessed 7 December 2017, http://www.theafricareport.com/North-Africa/egypt-the-challenege-of-the-unbanked.html; Mohamed Alaa El-Din, “Mobile Subscribers Increased by 970,000 in October 2016,” Daily News Egypt, 28 January 2017, accessed 7 December 2017, https://dailynewsegypt.com/2017/01/28/613074/.