In Preparation for a Revolution, M. Şükrü Hanioğlu has brought together extensive research into the working of the Young Turk political-opposition movements against the rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II to create a work that is likely to become a benchmark for historians of late Ottoman history. Moreover, the author has meticulously mapped out the path by which modern intellectual idealism was transformed into actual political transition—a progression largely under-studied for the Ottoman state.