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Biological Effects of Four Plant Extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus Say Larval Stages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. Muthukrishnan ,
E. Pushpalatha  and
A. Kasthuribhai
J. Muthukrishnan*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
E. Pushpalatha
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
A. Kasthuribhai
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
*
Corresponding author: JM. Email: muthu@pronet.xlweb.com
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Abstract

Acute toxicity tests were conducted to determine the biological effects of partially purified extracts of four different plants on the juveniles of Culex quinquefasciatus. The active ethyl acetate extract of Solarium suratense leaf produced a 24h LC50 of between 23.53 ppm for the second instars and 46.04 ppm for the third instars. This was followed by the defatted methanol fraction of Abrus precatorius seed coat extract with the LC50 values ranging from 59.82 ppm for the second instar to 77.34 ppm for the third instar. The petroleum ether fraction of Solatium trilobatum and the ethyl acetate fraction of Lencas aspera were less toxic to the larvae. The active fractions of the plant extracts disrupted moulting and metamorphosis, induced malformation, extended the larval duration and inhibited adult emergence. At concentrations of less than 37.64 ppm, they inhibited emergence of 50% of the larvae. The insecticidal activity of these extracts persisted for up to four days.

Résumé

Des testes de toxicité aïgue ont été menés sur des larves de Culex quinquefasciatus, afin de déterminer les effets biologiques des extraits partiellement purifiés de quatre plantes différentes. A la concentration de 23,53 ppm et de 46,04 ppm, l'extrait actif à l'acétate d'éthyle obtenu des feuilles de Solanum suratense a respectivement provoqué, en 24 heures, une action létale (DL50), chez les larves du deuxième et troisième stade. Son pouvoir d'action fut suivi par la fraction au methanol dégraissée obtenue du tégument des graines de Abrus precatorius avec des valeurs DL50 de 59,82 ppm pour le deuxième stade, et de 77,43 pour le troisième stade de développement larvaire. La fraction d'extraits à l'ether de pétrole de Solanum tribolatum et celle à l'acétate d'éthyle de Leucas aspera étaient moins toxiques pour les larves. Les fractions actives des extraits perturbaient la mue et la métamorphose. Ainsi elles provoquaient la malformation et allongeaient la durée de développement larvaire, et réduisaient aussi le taux d'émergence des adultes. Ces extraits gardaient leur pouvoir insecticide jusqu'à quatre jours.

Keywords

Culex quinquefasciatusfilarial vectormosquito controlplant productsCulex quinquefasciatusvecteur du ver filairelutte contre les moustiquesproduits végétaux
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 17 , Issue 3-4 , December 1997 , pp. 389 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1997

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