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Efficacy of Calneem derived from Ghanaian neem seeds and seed oils from two locations in Cameroon against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2011

Elias Nchiwan Nukenine ,
Clergé Tchiegang ,
Adela Andrine Tagne Mekouo ,
Katamssadan Haman Tofel ,
Charles Adarkwah ,
Daniel Obeng-Ofori  and
Cornel Adler
Elias Nchiwan Nukenine*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Clergé Tchiegang
Affiliation:
University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Adela Andrine Tagne Mekouo
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Katamssadan Haman Tofel
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, PO Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Charles Adarkwah
Affiliation:
Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straβe 19, D-14195Berlin, Germany
Daniel Obeng-Ofori
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, PO Box 68, Accra, Ghana
Cornel Adler
Affiliation:
Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Straβe 19, D-14195Berlin, Germany
*
*E-mail: elinchiwan@yahoo.fr; ennukenine@fulbrightmail.org
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Abstract

Botanical insecticides are among the most promising alternatives to synthetic insecticides for stored product protection. Calneem oil from Ghana and local neem oils from two localities in northern Cameroon (Garoua and Maroua) were tested at 0 (untreated control), 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 ml/kg, on the adult and immature stages of the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), for mortality and reproduction inhibition. The neem oils from Cameroon were extracted using the traditional kneading method and a hydraulic press in the laboratory (refined). Maize grains were coated with the five neem seed oils (Calneem, Garoua traditional and refined, and Maroua traditional and refined, respectively) and adult mortality was recorded at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after exposure. Within 1 day of exposure, the highest tested concentration (12 ml/kg) of Calneem, Garoua traditional, Garoua refined, Maroua traditional and Maroua refined oils caused similar weevil mortality of 86.3, 93.8, 93.8, 97.5 and 97.5%, respectively. The 24-h LC50values for the oils in the same order were 7.0, 6.0, 5.0, 5.0 and 4.8 ml/kg, respectively. The lowest (2 ml/kg) and highest (12 ml/kg) concentrations of the oils suppressed progeny production by over 80 and 98%, respectively. The oils arrested the development of the hidden eggs and immature stages in the maize grains. The results suggested that neem seed oils from different localities of northern Cameroon, irrespective of the method of extraction, were effective for the protection of stored maize against S. zeamais. The promotion of natural neem seed oils as stored grain protectants in Cameroon would boost food security, alleviate poverty and reduce environmental degradation.

Keywords

Calneemneem seed oilmethod of extractionSitophilus zeamaistoxicityF1 progeny
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 225 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2011

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