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Failures of Attack by the Top Borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Wlk. in Relation to Resistance in Sugarcane Genotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

N. Mukunthan  and
M. Mohanasundaram
N. Mukunthan
Affiliation:
Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore-641 007, India
M. Mohanasundaram
Affiliation:
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India
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Abstract

Two types of failures of attack by the top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis Wlk., and their relation to sugarcane resistance to deadheart formation were studied in 164 genotypes of sugarcane for three years at two locations, viz., Karnal (Haryana State) and Chakia (Bihar State) in India. Attacks were unsuccessful either because of failure of neonate larvae in the mid-rib to reach the spindle (Type 1) or failure of older larvae in the spindle to reach the meristem (Type 2). Type 1 failure was frequent (19.2 to 26.7 %) while Type 2 was rare (2.9 to 5.1 %) among the genotypes. Larval dispersal and mortality were influenced by several factors related or unrelated to resistance and occurred concurrently in the same genotypes. This led to variation in larval mortality even among genotypes with the same levels of Type 1 failure. Those genotypes (Co 1223, Co 1224, E 276, Co 7224, Co 745, E 128, Co 62235, E 132, E 50, CoS 767 and CoJ 67) that had high scores of both Type 1 failure (14 to 18) and larval mortality (13 to 17) had the lowest percentages of deadhearts (11.8 to 24.4%).

Type 2 failure was not related to resistance; the highly resistant genotypes, Co 1223, Co 1224, E 276, Co 62235, E 132, CoS 767 and F133, showed no Type 2 failure. Furthermore, genotypes IA 3017 and Co 7322 which had the highest Type 2 failure scores of 9 and 12 respectively, had 61 and 36% deadhearts respectively. It is concluded that Type 2 failure may be caused by larval mortality in the spindles due to diseases and/or asphyxiation by accumulated rain water.

Résumé

Deux types d'échec d'attaque par le foreur de bourgeon, Scirpophaga excerptalis Wlk., et leur rôle dans la résistance à la pourriture du coeur de la canne à sucre ont été étudiés. L'étude a duré 3 ans et elle a porté sur 164 génotypes de canne à sucre, dans deux localités en Inde, à savoir Karnál (Etat de Haryiana) et Chakia (Etat de Bihar). Les attaques avortaient soit suite à ce que les larves néonates situées dans la nervure centrale n'arrivaient pas à atteindre le fusain (Type 1) ou bien les larves plus âgées, à l'intérieur du fusain, ne parvenaient pas à atteindre le méristème (Type 2). Au sein des génotypes, l'échec du type 1 était fréquent (19,2–26,7%), tandis que celui du type 2 était plutôt rare (2,9–5,1 %). La dispersion des larves et leur mortalité étaient influencées par plusieurs facteurs liés ou non liés à la résistance, et ils étaient simultanés chez certains génotypes. Ce fait induisait une variation de mortalité larvaire même au sein des génotypes avec les mêmes niveaux d'échec d'attaque du type 1. Les génotypes Co 1223, Co 1224, E 276, Co 7224, Co 745, E 128, Co 62235, E 132, E 50, CoS 767 et CoJ 67 qui avaient des niveaux hauts d'échec du type 1 (14–18%) et une mortalité larvaire élevée (13–17%), montraient aussi les pourcentages le plus bas en pourriture de coeur (11, 8–24,4%).

L'échec du type 2 n'étaient pas lié à la résistance puisque les génotypes hautement résistants Co 1223, Co 1224, E 276, Co 62235, E132, CoS 767 et F133 n'ont pas montré des signes du type 2. De plus, les génotypes IA 3017 et Co 7322 qui avec plus de scores du type 2 (9 et 12 points respectivement), avaient aussi 61 et 36% de pourriture de coeur, respectivement. De-là, on a conclu que l'échec du type 2 pourrait résulter de la mortalité larvaire à l'intérieur des fusains. Cette mortalité serait causée par des maladies et/ou par des asphyxies des larves due à l'accumulation d'eau de pluie dans les fusains.

Keywords

sugarcaneScirpophaga excerptalisfailure of attackresistancegenotypescanne à sucreScirpophaga excerptaliséchec d'attaquerésistancegénotypes
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 18 , Issue 4 , December 1998 , pp. 293 - 300
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1998

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