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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 October 2010
This article gives an overview of the European “immigration system,” which includes both immigration control and immigrant integration. Special attention is given to the Euro-specific division of competences between supranational and national levels, which is still evolving. Some lessons, both positive and negative, for the United States are drawn. Most importantly, there cannot be a coherent “immigration system” but only a patchwork of divided legal regimes guided by conflicting principles, with friction between them likely to be permanent.
1. For an overview of the contemporary European scene, see Christian Joppke, “European Immigration Policies: Still Between Stemming and Soliciting,” in Developments in European Politics 2, ed. Paul Heywood et al. (forthcoming).
2. See Bhagwati, Jagdish, In Defense of Globalization (New York, 2004): 214Google Scholar.
3. See Joppke, Christian, “European Immigration Policies at the Crossroads,” in Developments in West European Politics 2, ed. Heywood, Paul et al. , 2002Google Scholar.
4. A standard work on the theory and reality of immigration flows around the world is Douglas Massey et al., Worlds in Motion (Oxford, 2005).
5. See Joppke, Christian, “Transformation of Immigrant Integration,” in World Politics 59 (2007): 243–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
6. For the best and most up-to-date overview of European nationality laws, see Howard, Marc Morjé, The Politics of Citizenship in Europe (New York, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
7. See Joppke, Christian, “Beyond National Models: Civic Integration Policies for Immigrants in Western Europe,” West European Politics 30 (2007): 1–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Sara Wallace Goodman, “Integration Before Entry? Immigration Control through Language and Country Knowledge Requirements,” http://ssm.com (posted August 27, 2009).
8. The Amsterdam Treaty is one of the periodic revisions of the Treaty of Rome, the founding treaty of the European Community of 1958.
9. Adam Luedtke, “Why a European Union Immigration Policy?” (paper presented at the Forty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, March 26–29, 2008).
10. Council Directive 2009/50/EC of May 25, 2008, on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly qualified employment, in Official Journal of the European Union, June 18, 2009.
