Human rights — Imposition of life sentences on juveniles without a real possibility of release on parole — Right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman and/or degrading punishment — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Article 7 — Aims of penitentiary system — Article 10(3) of Covenant — Retroactive application of penal laws — Article 15(1) of Covenant — Right to such measures of protection as are required by status as a minor — Article 24(1) of Covenant — Whether State violating its obligations under Articles 7, 10 and 24 of Covenant — Effective remedy

Treaties — Interpretation — Aids to interpretation — Relevance of one treaty in the interpretation of another — Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 — Near-universal participation — Relevance in the interpretation of obligations of State Party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — United Nations Human Rights Committee