Relationship of international law and municipal law — Conduct of foreign relations — Power to declare war — United States Constitution granting Congress the power to declare war — Deployment of United States forces following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait — Whether President entitled to order military operations against Iraq without prior congressional declaration of war — Whether justiciable question — Political question doctrine

International organizations — United Nations — Security Council — Powers under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations — Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait

War and armed conflict — War — Definition — Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait — Threat of military action by the United States — Whether military operations by United States forces against Iraq would constitute war — United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) — The law of the United States