* This document was reproduced and reformatted from the text appearing at the ICTY website (visited March 20, 2003) <http://www.un.org/icty.>

1 Consolidated Indictment, 23 February 2001, Prosecutor v. Krajišnik & Plavšić, Case No. IT-00-39 & 40-PT.

2 Decision on Prosecution's Motion for Leave to Amend the Consolidated Indictment, 4 March 2002, Prosecutor v.Krajišnik Plavšić,, Case No. IT-00-39 & 40-PT. Pursuant to this Decision, the Prosecution filed the Amended Consolidated Indictment on7 March 2002 (“Indictment“).

3 Initial Appearance, Prosecutor v. Plavšić,, Case No. IT-00-40-I, Transcript pages (“T.“) 3-4; Order for Detention on Remand, 11 January 2001.

4 Under Rule 62 bis of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Tribunal (“Rules“); T, 339.

5 Decision Granting Prosecution's Motion to Dismiss Counts 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the Amended Consolidated Indictment, 20 December 2002.

6 Order Summoning Dr. Biljana Plavšić, Proprio Motu to Appear as a Witness of the Trial Chamber Pursuant to Rule 98, 9 January 2003, Prosecutor v. Stakic Case No. IT-97-24-T.

7 Order for Further Submissions, 10 January 2003; varied by an Order Granting Extension of Time for filing Submissions, 21 January 2003.

8 Response by Biljana Plavšić, to the Order for Further Submissions of 10 January 2003, filed on 12 February 2003 (dated 11 February 2003); Prosecution's Response to Order for Further Submissions, 12 February 2003.

9 Factual Basis for Plea of Guilty, 30 Sept. 2002 (“Factual Basis“), paras 1-8.

l0 Ibid., para. 10.

l1 Ibid., paras 11-12.

l2 Ibid., para. 13.

l3 Ibid., paras 15-16.

l4 Ibid., para. 16.

l5 Ibid., para. 17.

l6 Ibid., para. 18.

l7 Ibid., para. 19.

l8 Ibid., para. 20.

l9 Ibid., para. 21.

l0 Ibid., para. 22.

l1 Statement of 1.

l1 Statement by Biljana Plavšić, in Support of her Motion for Change of Plea pursuant to Rule 62 bis 30 September 2002 (“Plavšić, Written Statement“).

l2 Prosecutor v. Aleksovski Case No. IT-95-14/1-A, Judgement, 24 Mar. 2000 (“Aleksovski Appeal Judgement“), para. 185; Prosecutor v. Delalić al, Case No. IT-96-21-A, Judgement, 20 Feb. 2001 (“Čelebići Appeal Judgement“), para. 806.

l3 Prosecutor v. Todorović, Case No. IT-95-9/1-S, Sentencing Judgement, 31 July 2001 (“TodorovićSentencing Judgement“), para. 28.

l4 Todorović Sentencing Judgement, para. 29.

l5 Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No. IT-94-1-A and IT-94-l-AW.s, Judgement in Sentencing Appeals, 26 Jan. 2000 (“Tadić Judgement in Sentencing Appeals“), para. 48.

l6 Aleksovski Appeal Judgement, para. 185; see also Čelebići Appeal Judgement, para. 803.

l7 Todorović, Sentencing Judgement, para. 30.

l8 (“Kupreškić Trial Judgement“), para. 852; and Aleksovski Appeal Judgement, para. 182.

l9 Čelebići Appeal Judgement, para. 731, citing KupreškićTrial Judgement para. 852.

l0 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, paras 12-15.

l1 Defence Sentencing Brief, paras 2, 33.

l2 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 20 and Annex II to the Prosecution Sentencing Brief. The events described in Annex II are within the temporal, territorial and substantive limits of Count 3 of the Indictment.

l3 Annex II to the Prosecution Sentencing Brief, p. 2-12. This quotation is taken from p. 11.

l4 Ibid., p. 12-16.

l5 Ibid., p. 17-19.

l6 Ibid., p. 20-31. This quotation is taken from p. 26.

l7 Ibid., p. 32-43. This quotation is taken from p. 33.

l8 Ibid., p. 44-46. This quotation is taken from p. 44.

l9 Ibid., p. 48-51. This testimony was obtained through statements of witnesses interviewed by investigators from the Office of the Prosecutor (rather than through live testimony before the International Tribunal).

l0 Ibid., p. 51-53. This quotation is taken from p. 53.

l1 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para 20, referring to Prosecutorv. Delalić et al. Case No. IT-96-21-T, Judgement, 16 November 1998 (“Čelebići Trial Judgement“), paras. 1262,1264 and 1268; and Prosecutor v. Aleksovski Case no. IT-95-14/1-T, Judgement, 25 June 1999 (“Aleksovski Trial Judgement“), para 227.

l2 Mirsad Tokača, T. 386. The witness is a representative of the BH State Commission on war crimes documentation. This commission was established in 1992 and has interviewed over 5,000 witnesses and collected 20,000 photographs, videotapes and a large number of documents and other reports relating to crimes against humanity and grave violations of human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

l3 Ibid., T.388.

l4 Ibid., T.393.

l5 Ibid., T.390.

l6 Ibid.,

l7 Ibid., T.391.

l8 Ibid., T.392-93. Villages or areas in which entire families have disappeared include: Biljani, Foča, Hrnici, Jelicka, Ključ, Krasulje, Krustovo, Nevesinje, Ogruc, Pehovo, Sanski Most, Srnja, Srnjani, Stedin, Velagić, and Višegrad.

l9 Ibid., T.389-90, 394.

l0 Ibid., T.389.

l1 Ibid.

l2 Ibid., T.395. The scale of the killings will be outlined below. According to Mirsad Tokača, the incidences of sexual assault and rape were at their highest in Foča, Bratunac, Vlasenica, Zvornik, Prijedor and Brčko.

l3 Ibid., T.389. In Janja, the relevant populations were not expelled until 1995.

l4 Ibid., T.397-98.

l5 Ibid., T.398.

l6 Ibid., T.394-95.

l7 Ibid., T.394.

l8 Exhibit (“Ex.“) 15, Ewa Tabeau and Marcin Zóltkowski, Ethnic Composition and Displaced Persons and Refugees in 37 Municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991 and 1997,’ 28 July 2002 (“Tabeau and Z61tkowski Report“).

l9 Ibid., p. 3-4, Table INS. According to the Report, the ‘non-Serbs’ include Bosnian Muslims, Bosnian Croats, and other ethnic groups.

l0 Ibid., p. 4. The entity called the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of Bosniac and Bosnian Croat cantons.

l1 Ibid., p. 4.

l2 Sentencing Hearing, T. 622-23.

l3 Ex. 17, Prijedor Settlement Populations, 1991-1993.

l4 Sentencing Hearing, T. 622; Ex. 17, Prijedor Settlement Populations, 1991-1993.

l5 Ibid., T. 623.

l6 Ex. 17, Prijedor Settlement Populations, 1991-1993.

l7 Mirsad Tokača, T. 390.

l8 Ibid., T.402. Mirsad Tokača testified that the criteria for ‘mass killing’ used in this context is the killing of three or more persons at one given point in time.

l9 Ibid., T.400.

l0 Ibid., T.406. This figure is the total number of persons believed to have been killed, irrespective of ethnicity. However, practically all of those killed were Bosniacs, Muslims and Croats. Some were Serbs who helped their neighbours T. 407.

l1 Ibid., T.400. For example, of the 208 persons listed as missing in Dragosicka, all went missing in 1992.

l2 Ibid., T.394, 400-01.

l3 Ibid., T.406.

l4 Ibid., T.401.

l5 Ibid., T.402.

l6 Ibid., T.401.

l7 Ibid., T.392

l9 MirsadTokača399.

l0 Ex. 2; a photograph showing the Alidža mosque before it was destroyed, and another which shows the empty site where the mosque once stood.

l1 Mirsad Tokača T. 400.

l2 Ibid., T. 399.

l3 Adil Draganović, T. 417. The witness is a representative of the Bosnian National Alliance of Associations of Former Camp Inmates and was himself a detainee at the Manjača camp. At present he is President of the Municipal Court in Sanski Most in Bosnia and Herzegovina. See also Ex. 3; a map showing the location of the 408 camp facilities in 37 municipalities.

l4 Ibid., T. 429.

l5 Ibid., T. 419-20, Ex. 4; a photograph of the police station in Sanski Most.

l6 Ibid., T. 422.

l7 Ibid., T. 425.

l8 Ibid.,

l9 Ibid., T. 424.

l0 Ibid., T. 424-25.

l1 Ibid., T. 427.

l2 Ibid., T. 428.

l3 Teufika Ibrahimefendic, T. 443-44. The witness is the co-ordinator of multidisciplinary teams at Vive Zena, a non-governmenta! organisation that provides support to war trauma victims. She has treated war trauma victims throughout the war.

l4 Ibid., T. 448-49.

l5 Ibid., T. 447-48.

l6 Elie Wiesel, T. 456. The witness is viewed by many as a spokesman for survivors of those who have suffered persecution because of their race, religion or national origin.

l7 Ibid., T. 456.

l8 Ibid., T. 457.

l9 Sentencing Hearing, T. 610.

100 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 17.

101 Ibid., para. 18, citing Prosecutor v. Krstić, Case No. IT-98-33-T, Judgement, 2 August 2001 (“KrstiTnal Judgement“), para. 709.

102 Ibid., para. 18, referring to, inter alia, Prosecutor v. Kordicet al Case No. IT-95-14/2, Trial Judgement, 26 February 2001 (“Kordic Trial Judgement“), para. 853.

103 Ibid., para. 19, referring to Prosecutor v. Kambanda Case No. ICTR-97-23-S, Judgement and Sentence, 4 September 1998 (“Kambanda Trial Judgement“), paras 61-62.

104 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 16.

105 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 16; Factual Basis paras 13-14, 16.

106 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 36.

107 Ibid., para. 36, citing Prosecutor v. Bla§dc Case No. IT-95-14-T, Judgement, 3 March 2000 (“Blaškić Trial Judgement“), paras 783-84.

108 Ibid., para. 37, citing KrstićTrial Judgement, paras 708-09.

109 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 42.

110 Sentencing Hearing, T. 638.

111 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 43.

112 These and other factors are set out in the Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 22.

113 Todorović, Sentencing Judgement, para. 86; Prosecutor v. Sikirica et al. Case No. IT-95-8-S, Sentencing Judgement, 13 November 2001 (“Sikirica Sentencing Judgement“), para. 111.

114 Sentencing Hearing, T. 613, 637, 639. During the closing arguments the Prosecution commented that “if the accused is on the right path, she still has not gone the full length of her journey.” This observation was a reference to the fact that the accused is not willing to appear as a witness in other trials, thus providing the Prosecution with substantial co-operation.

115 Ibid., T. 649-51. During the closing arguments at the Sentencing Hearing, the Defence also contended that in Mrs. Plavšić, 's case it is difficult to envisage co-operation more substantial than that which she has already given to the Prosecution and to the individual victims of the horrendous crimes. According to the Defence, Mrs. Plavšić, 's actions, including her call for other leaders to come forth and accept their responsibility for crimes committed, have been substantially co-operative in serving the purposes and goals of the International Tribunal, namely reconciliation, peace and stability in the Balkans.

116 Krstić Trial Judgement, para. 713.

117 Voluntary surrender: Kupreškić ridl Judgement, paras 853, 860, 863; Prosecutor v. Kupreikicet al. Case No. IT-95-16-A, Appeal Judgement, 23 October 2001 (“Kupreškić Appeal Judgement“), para. 430; Prosecutor v. Kunarac et al Case No. IT-96-23 & IT-96- 23/1-T, Judgement, 22 February 2001 (“Kunarac Trial Judgement“), para. 868. Admission of guilt: Kupreikic Appeal Judgement, para. 464; Prosecutor v. Jelisic Case No. IT-95-10-A, Judgement, 5 July 2001 (“Jelisić Appeal Judgement“), para. 122; Sikirica Sentencing Judgement, paras 148-151, 192-93, 228; Todorović, Sentencing Judgement, paras 75-82; Prosecutor v. Erdemovic Case No. IT-96-22-TW.S, Sentencing Judgement, 5 March 1998 (?'Erdemovic' Sentencing Judgement II“), para. 16(ii). Remorse: Sikirica Sentencing Judgement, paras 152, 194, 230; Todorović, Sentencing Judgement, paras. 89-92; Erdemovic Sentencing Judgement II, para. 16(iii). Character: Prosecutor v. Krnojelac Case No. IT-97-25, Judgement, 15 March 2002 (“Krnojelac Trial Judgement“), para. 519; Kupreškić Trial Judgement, para. 478; KupreStic Appeal Judgement, para. 459; Aleksovski Trial Judgement, para. 236; Erdemović Sentencing Judgement II, para. 16(i). Post-conflict conduct: KrstićTrial Judgement, para. 713.

118 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 23.

119 Ibid., para. 24, citing Todorović, Sentencing Judgement, para. 81 and Erdemović Sentencing Judgement II, para. 21.

120 Ibid., para. 25.

121 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 41.

122 Ibid., para. 42.

123 Ibid., para. 43.

124 Elie Wiesel, T. 458-59.

125 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 27.

126 Plavšić, Written Statement.

127 Sentencing Hearing, T. 609.

128 Ibid., T. 609.

129 Ibid.,1. 609-10.

130 Plavšić, Written Statement.

131 Alex Boraine, T. 586-89. The International Center for Transitional Justice is based in New York and assists societies pursuing accountability for human rights abuses in the aftermath of armed conflict or atrocities on a mass scale.

132 Ibid.,1. 591.

133 Ibid., T. 592-93.

134 Ibid., T. 599-600.

135 Ibid., T. 594-95.

136 Mirsad Tokača, T. 408-09.

137 Security Council Resolution 827 of 25 May 1993. When establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Security Council's Resolution explicitly referred to “the process of national reconciliation.” Security Council Resolution 955 of 8 November 1994.

138 General Assembly Resolution A/RES/54/119 of 22 December 1999.

139 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 26.

140 Defence Sentencing Brief, paras 45-46.

141 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 29.

142 Defence Sentencing Brief, paras 60-65.

143 Madeleine Albright, T. 509.

144 Carl Bildt, T. 536, 558-61.

145 Robert Frowick, T. 568.

146 Ibid., T. 546.

147 Ibid., T. 575.

148 Ibid.,T. 551-53.

149 Milorad Dodik, T. 482, 488-90. Following the elections in November 1997, Mrs. Plavšić, nominated Mr. Dodik as Prime Minister in January 1998.

150 Carl Bildt, T. 554. Milorad Dodik also gave evidence to this effect. T. 486-88.

151 Ibid., T. 555.

152 Ibid., T. 548-49.

153 Ibid., 548-51.

154 Ibid., T. 556-57.

155 Ibid., T. 558.

156 Ibid., T. 559.

157 Ibid., T. 558.

158 Robert Frowick, T. 578.

159 Ibid., T. 579-80.

160 Ibid., T. 581-83.

161 Ibid.,T. 584.

162 Ibid., T. 585.

163 Madeleine Albright, T. 514-15.

164 Ibid., T. 517.

165 Carl Bildt, T. 564.

166 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 47, referring to the Kmojelac Trial Judgement, para. 533.

167 The full name of the European Convention is “Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.” It was signed in 1950 and entered into force in 1953.

168 Papon v. France European Court of Human Rights (“ECHR“), Application No. 64666/01, 7 June 2001 (“Papon v. France“).

169 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 48; Papon v. France.

170 Ibid., paras 48-49.

171 Biljana Plavšić, 's Medical Records, filed under seal and confidentially, 14 December 2002, p. 3.

172 Defence Sentencing Brief, paras 51-53, 76.

173 Ibid., paras 54-55. Reference is also made to the “Resolution (76) 2 on the Treatment of Long-Term Prisoners,” adopted by the Minister’ Deputies of the Council of Europe on 17 February 1976.

174 Ibid., para. 55. Further, the Defence notes that in Germany the Constitutional Court has considered life imprisonment to be constitutional, but held that it must be scrutinised for possible violations of the principle of dignity of mankind and that an individual must not be deprived of the possibility of release.

175 Ibid., para. 58.

176 Ibid., para. 59.

177 Sentencing Hearing, T. 633-34.

178 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para 30.

179 Ibid., paras 30-31.

180 Ibid., para. 32.

181 Ibid., para. 33. R. v. C. (1993) 14 Cr.App.R.(S.) 562, at 564e. The appellant was convicted of a number of serious sexual offences against his five grandchildren.

182 Sentencing Hearing, T. 634.

183 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 32. R. v. S. (1998) 1 Cr.App.R.(S.) 261, at 264e.

184 Ibid., para. 34.

185 Krnojelac Trial Judgement, para. 533.

186 Priebke v. Italy ECHR, Application No. 48799/99, 5 April 2001; Sawoniuk v. the United Kingdom ECHR, Application No. 63716/00, 29 May 2001; Papon v. France; see also Kudla v. Poland ECHR, Judgement, 26 October 2000, reported at (2002) 35 EHRR11.

187 Biljana Plavšić, 's Medical Records, filed under seal and confidentially, 14 December 2002.

188 R. v. Holyoak (1995) 82 A Crim R 502 at 507-508. See also e.g. R. v. Jeffrey William Spencer Rose (2002) NSWSC 26, 22 February 2002, paras 23-27.

189 Ex. 20. Statement of Mr. Larry Hollingworth filed on behalf of Biljana Plavšić,, filed on 16 December 2002 (“Hollingworth Statement“).

190 Ibid. During their first meeting Mrs. Plavšić, reminded Mr. Hollingworth that there were also Bosnian Serb villages which required aid, but she did not condition her support for the aid to Bosnian Muslim villages on the aid reaching the Bosnian Serb villages.

191 Ibid.

192 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 66.

193 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 28.

194 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 67.

195 Adopted by the SFRY Assembly at the Session of the Federal Council held on 28 September 1976; declared by decree of the President of the Republic on 28 September 1976; published in the Official Gazette SFRY No. 44 of 8 October 1976; took effect on 1 July 1977

196 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 24; Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 36. Both parties note that this practice is similar to the Trial Chamber's assessment of any relevant aggravating or mitigating circumstances required to be taken into account under Article 24 of the Statute and Rule 101 (B).

197 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 25.

198 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 37, referring to Prosecutor v.FurundžCase No. IT-95-17/1-T, Judgement, 10 December 1998 (“Furundžija Trial Judgement“), para. 285 (in which Article 142 of the SFRY Criminal Code is cited).

199 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 28.

200 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 37.

201 Ibid., para. 37; Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 27.

202 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 27.

203 Ibid., para. 28.

204 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 38, referring to the Čelebić Trial Judgement, para. 1208 and Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case No. IT- 94-1-T, Sentencing Judgement, 14 July 1997 ('TadićSentencing Judgement I“), para. 8.

205 Ibid., para. 39, referring to Prosecutor v. Tadić, Case no. IT-94-l-TWs-R117, Sentencing Judgement, 11 November 1999 (“Tadić Sentencing Judgement II“), para. 12.

206 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 35; Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 23.

207 Tadić Judgement in Sentencing Appeals, para. 20.

208 Prosecutor v. Vasiljevic Case No. IT-98-32-T, Judgement, 28 November 2002 (” VasiljevicTrial Judgement“), para. 270, referring to Kuprešikić Appeal Judgement, para. 418.

209 Ibid., para. 271.

210 Sentencing Hearing, T. 624. The Trial Chamber notes that the Indictment, Schedule C, refers to detention facilities in 34 of the 37 municipalities, and will consequently only consider those mentioned in the Indictment.

211 Ibid., T.624-26.

212 Ibid., T.626-27.

213 Ibid., T.632-33.

214 Ibid., 630-31.

215 Ibid., 620.

216 Ibid., 640.

217 Ibid.,

218 Ibid., T.640-41; Ex. 20; Hollingworth Statement.

219 Ibid., T.641.

220 Ibid., T.648-49.

221 Ibid., T.648, quoting Mirsad Tokača (at T. 408).

222 Ibid., T.649-50, quoting Alex Boraine (at T. 608).

223 Ibid., T.622. As the Prosecution said later in its submission: it is necessary to see the victims as individuals, not a massive and indistinct group and to remember individual moments of pain and terror.

224 Prosecution Sentencing Brief, para. 43.

225 Sentencing Hearing, T. 638

226 Defence Sentencing Brief, para. 76; Sentencing Hearing, T. 651.